Proactive and retroactive effects of overlearning.

Mandler, George; Kuhlman, Clementina K.

doi:10.1037/h0042659

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It is also supported in an analysis offered by Mandler. Using as evidence the results of his studies on the performance of human subjects on a task involving an 8 X 8 array of switches to be activated in a particular order (similar to the pigeons' sequence responses), Mandler (1954aMandler ( , 1954bMandler ( , 1962Mandler ( , 1976Mandler & Kuhlman, 1961) suggested that with practice of consistent motor patterns beyond mastery (i.e., with overlearning), symbolic analogues or analogic structures of the overt responses develop. According to this view, the motor patterns are first learned as discrete responses and are executed with many errors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term retention of a complex operant in pigeons.

Schwartz¹,

Reilly²

1985

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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When pigeons are required to peck each of two keys four times in any order for reinforcement, stereotyped response sequences develop that are extremely resistant to disruption. The present experiments examined the effects of a 60-day retention interval on sequence performance. In Experiment 1 we showed that if the retention interval contained no interpolated experimental experience, it had no effect on sequence performance. If pigeons pecked a key for food on a variableinterval (VI) schedule during the retention interval, sequence disruption occurred. In Experiment 2 we found that variations in the location and color of a key pecked during VI had no effect on disruption. In Experiment 3 we found that disruption did not occur when pigeons were simply placed in the experimental chamber during the retention interval or given response-independent food or given VI reinforcement for hopping on a foot treadle. In Experiment 4 we found disruption even when interpolated key-peck training demanded a temporal pattern different from what had occurred on the sequence task. In Experiment 5 we demonstrated that disruption can be prevented if pigeons are exposed to an alternation of the sequence and VI procedures during initial acquisition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term retention of a complex operant in pigeons.

Schwartz¹,

Reilly²

1985

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has long been noted that extensive experience with relevant motor activity can enhance visual imagery. 22 Thus, it is similarly possible that extensive experience actively sniffing also enhances olfactory imagery through reinstantiation of the motor patterns involved in smelling. On the other hand, it may be that sniffing longer is a byproduct of being a good olfactory imager rather than a cause of it.…”

Section: Imagerymentioning

confidence: 99%