Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2 and +294T/C PPAR-δ Polymorphisms and Association with Metabolic Traits in Teenagers from Northern Mexico

Abstract

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play roles in glucose and lipid metabolism regulation. Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2 and +294T/C PPAR-δ have been associated with dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and high body mass index (BMI). We compared metabolic traits and determined associations with Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2 or +294T/C PPAR-δ polymorphism among teenagers from different ethnicity. Four hundred and twelve samples with previous biochemical and biometric measurements were used. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was extracted and analyzed by end-point PCR for Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2. The +294T/C PPAR-δ PCR product was also digested with Bsl I. Two genotype groups were formed: major allele homozygous and minor allele carriers. Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2 G minor allele frequencies were: 10% in Mestizo-1, 19% in Mestizo-2, 23% in Tarahumara, 12% in Mennonite, and 17% in the total studied population. The +294T/C PPAR-δ C minor allele frequencies were: 18% in Mestizo-1, 20% in Mestizo-2, 6% in Tarahumara, 13% in Mennonite, and 12% in the total studied population. Teenagers with PPAR-γ2 G allele showed a greater risk for either high waist/height ratio or low high-density lipoprotein; and, also had lower total cholesterol. Whereas, PPAR-γ2 G allele showed lower overweight/obesity phenotype (BMI Z-score) frequency, PPAR-δ C allele was a risk factor for it. Metabolic traits were associated with both PPAR polymorphisms.

PPARγ Gene Polymorphisms, Metabolic Disorders, and Coronary Artery Disease

“…da Silva et al ( 124 ) demonstrated that CC homozygotes had significantly higher BMI and WHR compared to CG heterozygotes among Brazilian adult men. A similar finding was observed in teenagers from Northern Mexico, and the researchers noted that G allele carriers of the rs1801282 polymorphism exhibited significantly lower overweight/obesity phenotype (BMI Z -score) frequency than CC homozygotes ( 125 ). Zafar et al ( 126 ) found that BMI and WC were significantly lower in GG homozygotes compared to CC homozygotes among patients with metabolic syndrome.…”

PPARD rs2016520 (T/C) and NOS1AP rs12742393 (A/C) polymorphisms affect therapeutic efficacy of nateglinide in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Large-scale clinical studies in the Chinese population have shown that PPARD rs2016520 polymorphism (also named + 294 T > C or − 87 T > C) is associated with blood glucose, insulin level and insulin resistance, and is a key factor affecting the development of metabolic syndrome and T2DM [ 12 , 13 ]. Studies in a Mexican population have produced similar results [ 14 ].…”

Crude Polysaccharide Extracted From Moringa oleifera Leaves Prevents Obesity in Association With Modulating Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

“…Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily ( 57 ). PPARs have been considered potential therapeutic targets for treating several metabolic syndromes ( 58 ). PPARs, including PPARα, PPARγ, and other subtypes, could regulate the expression of many genes, involved in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis, immune response, oxidative stress, and adipocyte differentiation ( 59 ).…”