Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Formation of the Pre-Metastatic Niche

Li, Ru; Wen, Annie; Lin, Jun

doi:10.3390/cancers12123752

Cited by 47 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…PMNs constitute a peculiar tumor-growth-favoring microenvironment deprived of tumor cells, which is key to the survival and outgrowth of future metastatic disease [ 38 ]. Interestingly, TAMs are mobilized to the peripheral blood and then recruited in the PMNs by many tumor-secreted cytokines and growth factors (e.g., CCL2, CSF-1, VEGF, PLGF, TNF-α, TGF-β), tissue inhibitor of metallopeptidase (TIMP)-1, and exosomes [ 37 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Tumor-associated Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Inflammatory Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer: Novel Translational Implications

Rihawi

Ricci

Rizzo

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Gastric cancer (GC) represents the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide, with a poor prognosis in patients with advanced disease despite many improvements in systemic treatments in the last decade. In fact, GC has shown resistance to several treatment options, and thus, notable efforts have been focused on the research and identification of novel therapeutic targets in this setting. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in several malignancies including GC, due to its pivotal role in cancer progression and drug resistance. Therefore, several agents and therapeutic strategies targeting the TME are currently under assessment in both preclinical and clinical studies. The present study provides an overview of available evidence of the inflammatory TME in GC, highlighting different types of tumor-associated cells and implications for future therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Tumor-associated Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Inflammatory Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer: Novel Translational Implications

Rihawi

Ricci

Rizzo

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…In addition to TGF-β, other cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of hepatic steatosis through stimulation of hepatic inflammation, and can in turn promote CRLM ( 42 ). Dysregulated cytokines and chemokines can recruit a variety of regulatory and suppressive immune cells to establish the pre-metastatic niche for CRLM ( 43 ). For example, Zhang et al ( 44 ) found that IL-33, an IL-1 cytokine family member, promotes CRLM by modulating the tumor microenvironment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic Steatosis Predicts Higher Incidence of Recurrence in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis Patients

et al. 2021

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Purpose: Colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is the major cause of death due to colorectal cancer. Although great efforts have been made in treatment of CRLM, about 60–70% of patients will develop hepatic recurrence. Hepatic steatosis was reported to provide fertile soil for metastasis. However, whether hepatic steatosis predicts higher incidence of CRLM recurrence is not clear. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role of hepatic steatosis in CRLM recurrence in the present study.Methods: Consecutive CRLM patients undergoing curative treatment were retrospectively enrolled and CT liver-spleen attenuation ratio was used to detect the presence of hepatic steatosis. In patients with hepatic steatosis, we also detected the presence of fibrosis. Besides, a systematic literature search was performed to do meta-analysis to further analyze the association between hepatic steatosis and CRLM recurrence.Results: A total of 195 eligible patients were included in our center. Patients with hepatic steatosis had a significantly worse overall (P = 0.0049) and hepatic recurrence-free survival (RFS) (P = 0.0012). Univariate and multivariate analysis confirmed its essential role in prediction of RFS. Besides, hepatic fibrosis is associated with worse overall RFS (P = 0.039) and hepatic RFS (P = 0.048). In meta-analysis, we included other four studies, with a total of 1,370 patients in the case group, and 3,735 patients in the control group. The odds ratio was 1.98 (95% CI: 1.25–3.14, P = 0.004), indicating that patients with steatosis had a significantly higher incidence of CRLM recurrence.Conclusion: In summary, patients with hepatic steatosis had a significantly worse overall and hepatic RFS and it's associated with higher incidence of CRLM recurrence.

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“…The immune system contributes to optimal growth conditions by creating an immunosuppressive and privileged environment early on in the formation of an appropriate premetastatic niche [ 42 ]. Primary tumors release factors which include proinflammatory signals such as chemokines, cytokines, growth factors and extracellular vesicles to induce and regulate this process [ 60 ].…”

Section: The Complexity Of the Metastatic Microenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Target Spinal Metastasis in Experimental Research: An Overview of Currently Used Experimental Mouse Models and Future Prospects

Jelgersma

Vajkoczy

2021

IJMS

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The spine is one of the organs that is most affected by metastasis in cancer patients. Since the control of primary tumor is continuously improving, treatment of metastases is becoming one of the major challenges to prevent cancer-related death. Due to the anatomical proximity to the spinal cord, local spread of metastasis can directly cause neurological deficits, severely limiting the patient’s quality of life. To investigate the underlying mechanisms and to develop new therapies, preclinical models are required which represent the complexity of the multistep cascade of metastasis. Current research of metastasis focuses on the formation of the premetastatic niche, tumor cell dormancy and the influence and regulating function of the immune system. To unveil whether these influence the organotropism to the spine, spinal models are irreplaceable. Mouse models are one of the most suitable models in oncologic research. Therefore, this review provides an overview of currently used mouse models of spinal metastasis. Furthermore, it discusses technical aspects clarifying to what extend these models can picture key steps of the metastatic process. Finally, it addresses proposals to develop better mouse models in the future and could serve as both basis and stimulus for researchers and clinicians working in this field.

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Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Formation of the Pre-Metastatic Niche

Cited by 47 publications

References 72 publications

Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Inflammatory Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer: Novel Translational Implications

Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Inflammatory Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer: Novel Translational Implications

Hepatic Steatosis Predicts Higher Incidence of Recurrence in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis Patients

How to Target Spinal Metastasis in Experimental Research: An Overview of Currently Used Experimental Mouse Models and Future Prospects

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