Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Profile in Dairy Cows: Consequences for New Lactation

Abstract

To verify the potential relevance of proinflammatory cytokine (PIC) with periparturient health problems and performances, the changes of plasma interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been investigated in 21 Holstein-Friesian cows from 35 d before to 28 d after parturition. The overall PIC concentration was higher during late pregnancy compared to the first month of lactation, but showed a high variability among the cows. Therefore, cows were retrospectively divided in 3 groups according to the values of area under the concentration curve of IL-1β concentrations from-35 d before to the day of parturition and designated as up (UPIL1), intermediate (INIL1) and low (LOIL1) IL-1β group. The concentrations of IL-6 and to some extent the concentrations of albumin and reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) were well related to the grouping based on IL-1β concentrations. After calving the UPIL1 cows showed a more severe acute phase reaction (APR), based on the marked increase of haptoglobin and the lower plasma albumin concentrations during the first week of lactation, and the highest oxidative stress, based on the higher concentrations of ROMs. Moreover, the UPIL1 group showed higher number of mastitis, lower feed intake and milk yield compared with INIL1 and LOIL1. Our results demonstrated that cows with the highest PIC concentrations in the last month of pregnancy showed the worse health status in early lactation (clinical and subclinical problems) and a lower milk yield. Thus, these data support the utility of PIC measurement in late pregnancy as prognostic markers for a risky transition period.

Biomarkers of ketosis in dairy cows at postparturient period: acute phase proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines

“…The significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines levels (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) in ketotic cows compared to the control animals, as reported in the current study, is in accordance with previous reports in cows (JONSSON et al, 2013;TREVISI et al, 2015). In addition, plasma interleukins were positively correlated with the severity of the inflammation (TREVISI et al, 2015). Higher levels of proinflammtory cytokines (IL, TNF-α, IFN-γ), perhaps released as a result of high NEFA, were observed in the serum of ketotic cows in the current study (DYK et al, 1995;SORDILLO et al, 2009).…”

“…The current findings comply with these findings as a significant increase in Haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen (Fb), ceruloplasmin (Cp) and 1α-glycoprotein (1α-AG) was observed in ketotic cows compared to the control in the postparturient period. The significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines levels (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) in ketotic cows compared to the control animals, as reported in the current study, is in accordance with previous reports in cows (JONSSON et al, 2013;TREVISI et al, 2015). In addition, plasma interleukins were positively correlated with the severity of the inflammation (TREVISI et al, 2015).…”

“…These cytokines act as biomarkers of postpartum reproductive disorders (ISHIKAWA et al, 2004;ISLAM et al, 2013a;ISLAM et al, 2013b). Plasma interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6) were positively correlated with the severity of the inflammation, worse health status and low milk production in the early lactation period (TREVISI et al, 2012;TREVISI et al, 2015). Proinflammatory cytokines mediate the effect of APP (Hp, Fb, SAA;GRUYS et al, 2005).…”

Acute phase response in lactating dairy cows during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic and hyperinsulinemic euglycaemic clamps and after intramammaryLPSchallenge

“…Indeed, energy overfed cows experienced more risky conditions in early lactation (Graugnard et al., ), as supported by their increased susceptibility to hepatic lipidosis. Interestingly, this data are compatible with our recent findings, where cows with the higher concentrations of PIC in late pregnancy had more severe inflammatory consequences around calving, lower feed intake and milk yield (Trevisi et al., ).…”

“…The plasma concentrations of IL‐6 and TNF‐ α in this study were similar to previous measurements in dairy cows (Ishikawa et al., ; Rodriguez‐Sallaberry et al., ; Kasimanickam et al., ; Jahan et al., ; Trevisi et al., ). Nevertheless, the variation of PIC was unexpected at the end of the clamps because generally changes in these mediators are considered to occur quickly after the induction of their release and are short‐lived.…”