Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Interleukins in Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Al-Qahtani, Arwa A.; Alhamlan, Fatimah S.; Al-Qahtani, Ahmed Ali

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed9010013

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…Similar to TNF, IL-1β is significant in acute phase responses and, if uncontrolled, can drive chronic inflammation, affecting conditions such as DM and HF. [ 59 ] AKT1 is an important serine/threonine kinase involved in regulating cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism. It plays a central role in insulin signaling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms for treating diabetes mellitus-associated heart failure with Qishen Yiqi dropping pills: A network pharmacology and bioinformatics approach

Ma,

Lai,

Chen

et al. 2024

Medicine

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure frequently coexist, presenting significant public health challenges. QiShenYiQi Dropping Pills (QSDP) are widely employed in the treatment of diabetes mellitus concomitant with heart failure (DM-HF). Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms underlying their efficacy have yet to be elucidated. Active ingredients and likely targets of QSDP were retrieved from the TCMSP and UniProt databases. Genes associated with DM-HF were pinpointed through searches in the GeneCards, OMIM, DisGeNET, and TTD databases. Differential genes connected to DM-HF were sourced from the GEO database. Enrichment analyses via gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, as well as immune infiltration assessments, were conducted using R software. Further analysis involved employing molecular docking strategies to explore the interactions between the identified targets and active substances in QSDP that are pertinent to DM-HF treatment. This investigation effectively discerned 108 active compounds and 257 targets relevant to QSDP. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed, highlighting 6 central targets for DM-HF treatment via QSDP. Gene ontology enrichment analysis predominantly linked these targets with responses to hypoxia, metabolism of reactive oxygen species, and cytokine receptor interactions. Analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways demonstrated that these targets mainly participate in pathways linked to diabetic complications, such as AGE-RAGE signaling, dyslipidemia, arteriosclerosis, the HIF-1 signaling pathway, and the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. Further, immune infiltration analysis implied that QSDP’s mechanism in treating DM-HF might involve immune-mediated inflammation and crucial signaling pathways. Additionally, molecular docking studies showed that the active substances in QSDP have strong binding affinities with these identified targets. This research presents a new model for addressing DM-HF through the use of QSDP, providing novel insights into incorporating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principles in the clinical treatment of DM-HF. The implications of these findings are substantial for both clinical application and further scientific inquiry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms for treating diabetes mellitus-associated heart failure with Qishen Yiqi dropping pills: A network pharmacology and bioinformatics approach

Ma,

Lai,

Chen

et al. 2024

Medicine

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“…Conversely, anti-inflammatory ILs such as IL-10 and TGF-β help limit inflammation and prevent tissue damage, although their excessive activity can cause immune suppression. Overall, the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory ILs is vital for managing immune responses, and this study offers valuable insights [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions and Trends of Interleukins, PAI-1, CRP, and TNF-α in Inflammatory Responses during the Perioperative Period of Joint Arthroplasty: Implications for Pain Management—A Narrative Review

Cocea,

Stoica

2024

JPM

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Inflammation during the perioperative period of joint arthroplasty is a critical aspect of patient outcomes, influencing both the pathophysiology of pain and the healing process. This narrative review comprehensively evaluates the roles of specific cytokines and inflammatory biomarkers in this context and their implications for pain management. Inflammatory responses are initiated and propagated by cytokines, which are pivotal in the development of both acute and chronic postoperative pain. Pro-inflammatory cytokines play essential roles in up-regulating the inflammatory response, which, if not adequately controlled, leads to sustained pain and impaired tissue healing. Anti-inflammatory cytokines work to dampen inflammatory responses and promote resolution. Our discussion extends to the genetic and molecular influences on cytokine production, which influence pain perception and recovery rates post-surgery. Furthermore, the role of PAI-1 in modulating inflammation through its impact on the fibrinolytic system highlights its potential as a therapeutic target. The perioperative modulation of these cytokines through various analgesic and anesthetic techniques, including the fascia iliac compartment block, demonstrates a significant reduction in pain and inflammatory markers, thus underscoring the importance of targeted therapeutic strategies. Our analysis suggests that a nuanced understanding of the interplay between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is required. Future research should focus on individualized pain management strategies.

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“…In the context of inflammation, cytokines can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory, and their balance is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines promote inflammation by inducing vasodilation, increasing vascular permeability, recruiting immune cells to the site of injury or infection, and activating immune responses [39]. Examples include interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) [40].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples include interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) [40]. Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a critical role in the initial response to pathogens and tissue damage [39]. In contrast, anti-inflammatory cytokines help to resolve inflammation and maintain an immune balance by inhibiting pro-inflammatory responses and promoting tissue repair and regeneration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overnutrition and Lipotoxicity: Impaired Efferocytosis and Chronic Inflammation as Precursors to Multifaceted Disease Pathogenesis

Mann,

Sundaresan,

Shishodia

2024

Biology

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Overnutrition, driven by the consumption of high-fat, high-sugar diets, has reached epidemic proportions and poses a significant global health challenge. Prolonged overnutrition leads to the deposition of excessive lipids in adipose and non-adipose tissues, a condition known as lipotoxicity. The intricate interplay between overnutrition-induced lipotoxicity and the immune system plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review aims to elucidate the consequences of impaired efferocytosis, caused by lipotoxicity-poisoned macrophages, leading to chronic inflammation and the subsequent development of severe infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer, as well as chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic overnutrition promotes adipose tissue expansion which induces cellular stress and inflammatory responses, contributing to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Moreover, sustained exposure to lipotoxicity impairs the efferocytic capacity of macrophages, compromising their ability to efficiently engulf and remove dead cells. The unresolved chronic inflammation perpetuates a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, exacerbating tissue damage and promoting the development of various diseases. The interaction between overnutrition, lipotoxicity, and impaired efferocytosis highlights a critical pathway through which chronic inflammation emerges, facilitating the development of severe infectious diseases, autoimmunity, cancer, and chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these intricate connections sheds light on potential therapeutic avenues to mitigate the detrimental effects of overnutrition and lipotoxicity on immune function and tissue homeostasis, thereby paving the way for novel interventions aimed at reducing the burden of these multifaceted diseases on global health.

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Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Interleukins in Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 13 publications

References 156 publications

Exploring therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms for treating diabetes mellitus-associated heart failure with Qishen Yiqi dropping pills: A network pharmacology and bioinformatics approach

Exploring therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms for treating diabetes mellitus-associated heart failure with Qishen Yiqi dropping pills: A network pharmacology and bioinformatics approach

Interactions and Trends of Interleukins, PAI-1, CRP, and TNF-α in Inflammatory Responses during the Perioperative Period of Joint Arthroplasty: Implications for Pain Management—A Narrative Review

Overnutrition and Lipotoxicity: Impaired Efferocytosis and Chronic Inflammation as Precursors to Multifaceted Disease Pathogenesis

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