Privatisation of municipal golf courses in small towns in the Western Cape, South Africa

Spocter, Manfred

doi:10.1080/03736245.2016.1208578

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…(WAH, 2017) Wildlife estates are gated communities where one buys into a particular lifestyle of living with wildlife, in an environment that is relatively 'crime free'. This development is part of a broader trend of different types of (self-declared 'eco-friendly') estates in South Africa that are often described as 'escapist' spaces, especially from crime (Ballard and Jones, 2011;Ramsawmy et al, 2020;Spocter, 2017). Inhabitants buy their own plots and build their own houses based on strict architectural guidelines, or they buy both completely developed.…”

Section: Historical Development Of Hoedspruit and Surroundingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other white inhabitants articulated a similar opinion. However, according to a municipality employee, the concept of affordable housing is often mixed up with the national Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP), a government programme that provides free houses for the most marginalised (Bond, 2014;Spocter, 2017). She emphasised that the idea is to create (comparatively) more affordable housing in Hoedspruit, which makes for a crucial difference in the people it would attract.…”

Section: Class and Racial Enclosuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has led to land being highly contested and often placed at the core of contemporary South African politics. See, for instance, Davis, 2019; James, 2000; Koot et al, 2019; Ramutsindela, 2012, 2015; Spocter, 2017.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The new green apartheid? Race, capital and logics of enclosure in South Africa’s wildlife economy

Koot

Büscher

Thakholi

2022

Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space

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In this paper, we explore relations between race, capital and wildlife conservation in the town of Hoedspruit and its surroundings, which has developed into one of the main centres of the lucrative and rapidly growing ‘wildlife economy’ in South Africa. Behind its image as a shining ‘green’ example of wildlife-based development is a highly unequal and racialised state of affairs that is deeply unsustainable. At the core of these dynamics are private wildlife reserves, high-end nature-based tourism and gated ‘wildlife estates’, which have further consolidated land into private, mostly white, ownership. In addition to contestations about the building of a shopping mall and land claims, Hoedspruit’s wildlife economy is dependent upon black labourers who commute daily from former homeland areas. Municipal efforts to mediate this situation by building affordable housing, have been thwarted by several wealthy inhabitants and property developers. We build on Mbembe’s ‘logic of enclosure’ to argue that the wildlife economy and its ‘green’ image perpetuate and reinvent older forms of colonial and apartheid geographies of segregation, in effect creating a form of ‘new green apartheid’. While physical-geographical enclosures are at the centre of the wildlife economy, we show that they are reinforced by class and racial enclosures and ideological enclosures, the latter consisting of both the belief in the market as a natural solution for social and environmental causes and apartheid as an historical era that has now ended. We conclude that Hoedspruit serves as an important example of the regressive and unsustainable forms of development that the wildlife economy in South Africa can create.

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Section: Historical Development Of Hoedspruit and Surroundingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Class and Racial Enclosuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The new green apartheid? Race, capital and logics of enclosure in South Africa’s wildlife economy

Koot

Büscher

Thakholi

2022

Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space

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“…The democratic state adopted neoliberal policies, embracing privatisation approaches from the apartheid era and postmodernism perspectives [27,28]. De Visser [28] states that sustainable development principles guide the current planning system, embracing postmodernism.…”

Section: Spatial Planning Laws and Policies Post-1994mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transformation of Compact Rural Human Settlements in South Africa - The Case of Elim in Limpopo

Ntlhe¹

2022

IJSDP

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Land-use change entails changes in existing land use usually guided by spatial planning laws and the pollical influence of the state. The paper examined the impact of spatial strategies, laws, and policies on land-use change in Elim. A qualitative case study method was used to achieve the study’s purpose. Historical review of laws and satellite images of Elim in 1964, 1985, 1993, 2002, 2014, and 2020 were used to identify the impact of the rules and the extent of the land-use changes from 1964 to 2020. The study revealed that apartheid laws for creating exclusive homelands and townships for blacks significantly impacted Elim’s spatial pattern. The statutes produced displaced urbanization in homelands represented by large townships, betterment policy modernized traditional villages into compact villages with modernist characteristics, and Integrated Development Planning managed to integrate urban and rural areas to transform Elim into a mixed-use neighborhood. The analysis demonstrated that integrated and spatial development plans could guide development without zoning in rural areas, particularly in communal areas, to promote integration and create mixed-use neighborhoods. Modernist planning adopted a top-down approach, while the integrated development strategy embraces a bottom-up approach. The study will assist planners and lawmakers improve the spatial planning process.

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“…These changes led to a radical wave of privatisation of public spaces, perpetuating apartheid spatial exclusion and social segregation (Ramoroka & Tsheola, 2014). Urban scholars argue against the economic privatisation of South Africa's public spaces through neoliberal policies and city-improvement districts (CIDs) which undermine the processes of the democratic project (Lemanski, 2004;Peyroux, 2006;Spocter, 2017). This article, in the spirit of engaging in a global conversation about Lefebvre's spatial ideas, investigates the everyday uses of public spaces in the post-apartheid South African city of Mangaung.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Lefebvrian Analysis of Public Spaces in Mangaung, South Africa

Nkooe

2018

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Hoffman Square, Driehoek Neighbourhood Park and Old Regional Park are public spaces in Mangaung. Henri Lefebvre’s The Production of Space and Elements of Rhythmanalysis are explored in the analysis of these public spaces’ organised representations, representational uses and rhythmic spatial practices. This article found that: (1) public spaces in Mangaung are lived spaces that are regularly appropriated by inhabitants whose unpoliced social practices of vandalism and littering—along with the harsh regional climate—deteriorate the physical quality of the public spaces, secreting environmental incivility in the public spaces; (2) cyclical rhythms of night and day times have a practical impact on the spatial practices of each public space in spite of their design and location. For example, day-time entails high and rapid levels of public space uses while night-time diffuses these dynamics significantly; and (3) Mangaung’s spatial plans encourage the liberal uses of its public spaces however, it fails to enforce its by-laws to curb experienced physical decay of, and environmental incivility in, the public spaces. This increases the vulnerability of its public spaces to external shocks—emanating from nature and society—thus depriving the public spaces of an opportunity to be perceived as alternatives for urban regeneration and local economic revitalisation.

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Privatisation of municipal golf courses in small towns in the Western Cape, South Africa

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

The new green apartheid? Race, capital and logics of enclosure in South Africa’s wildlife economy

The new green apartheid? Race, capital and logics of enclosure in South Africa’s wildlife economy

The Transformation of Compact Rural Human Settlements in South Africa - The Case of Elim in Limpopo

A Lefebvrian Analysis of Public Spaces in Mangaung, South Africa

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