Private supplementary tutoring at the senior secondary level in Taiwan and Hong Kong

Tseng, L. P. Douglas; 曾麗珍.,

doi:10.5353/th_b3196049

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Other relevant past literature also revealed such pedagogical role (Harnish, 1994;Kato, 1992;Kim, 2000;Sorensen, 1994;Tseng, 1998;Ukai Russell, 1997). These data were based on participant observations and semi-structured interviews with tutorial school heads and tutors, daytime school principals and teachers, students, tutees and parents during the research period.…”

Section: A Three-layered Cultural Modelmentioning

confidence: 85%

Examination-Oriented knowledge and value transformation in East Asian Cram Schools

Kwok

2004

Asia Pacific Educ. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: A Three-layered Cultural Modelmentioning

confidence: 85%

Examination-Oriented knowledge and value transformation in East Asian Cram Schools

Kwok

2004

Asia Pacific Educ. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Private tutoring was criticized by the public for its adding to the students' study burden and making the examination pressure even worse. Moreover, private tutoring provided by school teachers was considered as a corruption of teacher's morality (Tseng, 1998). As a response to the critics, the educational authority in Taiwan issued strict regulations on private tutoring and prohibited the provision of private tutoring by school teachers.…”

Section: Stage 1: No Government Policy On Private Tutoring (Early Twementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Provision of private tutoring by school teachers is considered by the public as corruption of teacher's morality (Tseng, 1998), and thus should be punished. The Teacher Law issued in 1995 (Taiwan Department of Education, 1995) in Taiwan states that "Teachers would be fired if their behaviour is against the morality of being teachers" (Item 13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The private tutoring industry in Taiwan: government policies and their implementation

Song

2014

Asia Pacific Journal of Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…A previous study even showed that taking private tutoring is more common among students from high-ranking schools than those from low-ranking ones (Tseng 1998). In addition, opportunities for further studies have been expanding in recent years.…”

Section: Private Tutoring In Hong Kongmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Private mass tutoring is not only welcome by low-scorers. Even for the elite students who always excel in their schoolwork, their enthusiasm in private tuition is not less than those who perform worse (Tseng 1998). Cram schools running mass tutoring classes for secondary students have expanded very quickly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk culture of late modernity? : mass tutoring enrolment of Hong Kong's senior secondary students

Cheung¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mass tutoring on senior secondary curricula, with specific focus on examination syllabi and techniques, has expanded rapidly in Hong Kong in the recent decade. Through semi-structured in-depth interviews, conducted in summer 2007, with 20 certificate level (Secondary 4 and 5) and 21 advanced level (Secondary 6 and 7) students with various level of involvement in mass tutoring, this study discovered:(1) Risk awareness and future-oriented mentality: Students expected that mass tutoring could help improve their performance in public examinations, and could secure good grades. To them, better grades mean higher chance to get a recognized qualification, fulfil their career aspiration, and secure a better life in the uncertain future.(2) Individualization of decisions and choices: Students thought that they should be responsible and accountable for their own life-choices. The decision to enrol in mass tutoring was made on their own. When they needed advice on choices of tutors, they referred to the opinions from the schoolmates with similar learning experience and academic performance as themselves. In order to locate the most suitable tutors, some students even collected various tutors' lecture notes or recordings for comparison, or attended free-of-charge trial lessons before finalizing their choices.(3) Individual reflexivity and conditional trust on authority: In terms of enhancement of academic performance, a number of students trusted cram school tutors more than daytime school teachers, as they thought the former more familiar with the examination requirement than the latter. Nevertheless, they did not completely trust their tutors. They evaluated from time to time the effectiveness and suitability of the tutorials they were attending, and discontinued and made changes if necessary.(4) Detraditionalization of schooling values: Students viewed senior secondary education different from more idealistic lifelong learning. In their eyes, getting good grades and preparing for good prospect in further studies and career are of utmost importance in senior secondary schooling. Some of them even preferred daytime school teachers to adopt cram school tutors' approach.With the above findings, the study argues that the microscopic phenomenon of blossoming mass tutoring enrolment is a reflection of the macroscopic risk culture of late modernity, which has been addressed by Anthony Giddens and Ulrich Beck.The study unfolds several specific qualities of individual life and social environment in the post-industrial era. To deal with the uncertain social environment, individuals prefer adapting to the existing social order rather than imposing changes to the external social environment. Appreciated traditional values not conforming to the modern social order will only be practised only after an individual has achieved ontological security in the highly modernized social environment. Individuals are locked in a cage where they had to endlessly appeal to uncertain measures to deal with the uncertainties embedded in daily life.This...

show abstract

Private supplementary tutoring at the senior secondary level in Taiwan and Hong Kong

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Examination-Oriented knowledge and value transformation in East Asian Cram Schools

Examination-Oriented knowledge and value transformation in East Asian Cram Schools

The private tutoring industry in Taiwan: government policies and their implementation

Risk culture of late modernity? : mass tutoring enrolment of Hong Kong's senior secondary students

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About