Private Insurance Reimbursements for Newborn Hearing Screening in the United States, 2013-2014

Do, Thuy Quynh N.; Chung, Winnie; Grosse, Scott D.

doi:10.26077/q64a-ce52

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…54 Insurance coverage is region and country-specific, but public insurance or uninsured status is typically associated with a lower income level. 55,56 NBHS-related costs are highly variable, 57 with private insurance coverage determinations decided by individual states in the United States. 58 While most insurance plans in the United States cover initial NBHS, follow-up visits are subject to copayments, and uninsured individuals may be responsible for all associated charges, requiring significant out-of-pocket costs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic Factors Affecting Loss to Follow‐Up After Newborn Hearing Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

Atherton

Poupore

Clemmens

et al. 2023

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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Objective Universal newborn hearing screening (NBHS) has been widely implemented as a part of early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI) programs worldwide. Even with excellent provider knowledge and screening rates, many infants do not receive definitive hearing testing or intervention after initial screening. The objective of this study was to identify sociodemographic factors contributing to loss of follow‐up. Data Sources PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL. Review Methods Per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, the databases were searched from the date of inception through December 28, 2021. Studies containing sociodemographic information on patients who were referred to NBHS were included. Meta‐analysis of odds ratios (ORs) was performed comparing rates of sociodemographic variables between patients adherent and nonadherent to follow‐up. Results A total of 169,238 infants from 19 studies were included. Low birth weight (OR 1.6 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.2‐2.2, p < .001), racial minority (OR 1.4 [95% CI 1.2‐1.6], p < .001), rural residence (OR 1.5 [95% CI 1.1‐1.9], p = .005), lack of insurance (OR 1 [95% CI 1.4‐2.5], p < .001), and public or state insurance (OR 1.7 [95% CI 1.2‐4.2], p = .008) were associated with missed follow‐up after referred NBHS. Associated maternal factors included low maternal education (OR 1.8 [95% CI 1.6‐2.0], p < .001), young maternal age (OR 1.5 [95% CI 1.5‐1.6], p < .001), unmarried maternal status (OR 1.5 [95% CI 1.1‐1.9], p = .003), and current or former maternal smoking status (OR 1.8 [95% CI 1.4‐2.2], p < .001). Conclusion Both infant and maternal sociodemographic factors influence follow‐up compliance after referred NBHS. Focused efforts should be made by medical providers and policymakers to address these factors to ensure appropriate newborn hearing care and interventions are achieved.

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