“…From the perspective of the innovation diffusion theory, virtual currency transactions are delivered, diffused, or spread among various members in social systems along with time (Ho, 2013;Rogers, 1995;2002). With more transaction channels or volumes, discussions on private information and disturbances to relevant stock prices will increase (Antweiler & Frank, 2004;Ho, 2013;Mai, Shan, Bai, Wang, & Chiang, 2018), stimulating higher levels of fin-tech innovations, such as the markets of the United States, Japan, and China. However, in practice, there are also markets that only conduct fin-tech innovations such as block chain without allowing legal virtual currency transactions, such as Taiwan's market and a minority of countries.…”