Private drinking water supplies: challenges for public health

Charrois, Jeffrey

doi:10.1503/cmaj.090956

Cited by 72 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…A review of outbreaks related to sources of drinking water over a 27-year period in Canada for example concluded that two-third of these water-borne illnesses were related to either semi-private or private drinking water supplies (Charrois, 2010). This study identified chemical contamination as another challenge to source of potable water.…”

Section: Willingness To Pay (Wtp) and Determining Factorsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Factors Determining Household Consumer’s Willingness to Pay for Water Consumption in Malaysia

Wahid¹,

Hooi²

2014

ASS

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Since Malaysia's most recent water reform exercise, the issue on whether Malaysian public (households) would be willing to pay for possible new water tariff in return for services provided for them has arisen. This study investigates whether taste, filtered water, color, water contamination, drinkable tap water, customer services, uninterrupted water supply and income determine Malaysian consumer's willingness to pay (WTP) for their household water consumption. A survey was carried out on more than 262 representing households who are also paid domestic water customers. Multiple regression analyses results showed that only four from the eight factors examined were significant and acted as determinants to WTP. These are taste, uninterrupted water supply, water contamination and income. The study also found that majority of household consumers is only willing to pay for an increase of not more than RM5 from their current water bill. The findings provide an insight particularly for the government and water services providers in Malaysia on factors that they should consider when planning for any water tariff increase.

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Section: Willingness To Pay (Wtp) and Determining Factorsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Factors Determining Household Consumer’s Willingness to Pay for Water Consumption in Malaysia

Wahid¹,

Hooi²

2014

ASS

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“…Incidents of contamination from microbial pathogens have led to numerous outbreaks of waterborne illnesses in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom (Shepherd and Wyn-Jones, 1997;Furtado et al, 1998;Raina et al, 1999;Macler and Merkle, 2000;Corkal et al, 2004;Schuster et al, 2005;Rogan and Brady, 2009;Charrois, 2010) and, while less prevalent, nitrate contamination has caused methemglobinemia (Knobeloch et al, 2000). To avoid such health risks, activities directed to the protection of sources of supply for centralized drinking water systems are becoming common.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding stewardship behaviour: Factors facilitating and constraining private water well stewardship

Kreutzwiser

Loë

Imgrund

et al. 2011

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…There are health implications with consuming compromised water from rural sources (Raina et al, 1999;Said et al, 2003;Uhlmann et al, 2009;Charrois, 2010). Previous studies have focused on chemical contaminants such as nitrate, arsenic and pesticides Rudolph et al, 1998;Benson et al, 2006;Knobeloch et al, 2013) or bacteriological quality without spatial consideration Rudolph et al, 1998;Bacci and Chapman, 2011; Table 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water quality is jeopardised by microbiological and/or chemical agents, water-borne bacteria, viruses and protozoa posing the greatest threat (Charrois, 2010). In North America, contaminated drinking water is conservatively estimated to cause one thousand deaths and one million illnesses per year (Sierra Legal Defense Fund, 2006) and Europe shows similar rates (Charrois, 2010). Thus, safety of drinking water is a fundamental public health priority, with drinking water quality management being a crucial component in the prevention and control of waterborne disease (WHO, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the quality and maintenance of private well water systems remains the responsibility of the owner (Kreutzwiser et al, 2011). In Canada, approximately three to four million, or 1 in 10 persons rely on private well water sources (Statistics Canada, 2011), which remain vulnerable to contamination and should be properly monitored (Charrois, 2010). In England and Wales, the incidence rate of intestinal infectious outbreaks in recipients of private water supplies was 35 times that of those receiving public water supplies (Smith et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A spatial analysis of private well water Escherichia coli contamination in southern Ontario

et al. 2013

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Abstract.Research to date has provided limited insight into the complexity of water-borne pathogen transmission. Private well water supplies have been identified as a significant pathway in infectious disease transmission in both the industrialised and the developing world. Using over 90,000 private well water submission records representing approximately 30,000 unique well locations in south-eastern Ontario, Canada, a spatial analysis was performed in order to delineate clusters with elevated risk of E. coli contamination using 5 years of data (2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012). Analyses were performed for all years independently and subsequently compared to each other. Numerous statistically significant clusters were identified and both geographic stability and variation over time were examined. Through the identification of spatial and temporal patterns, this study provides the basis for future investigations into the underlying causes of bacterial groundwater contamination, while identifying geographic regions that merit particular attention to public health interventions and improvement of water quality.

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Private drinking water supplies: challenges for public health

Cited by 72 publications

References 17 publications

Factors Determining Household Consumer’s Willingness to Pay for Water Consumption in Malaysia

Factors Determining Household Consumer’s Willingness to Pay for Water Consumption in Malaysia

Understanding stewardship behaviour: Factors facilitating and constraining private water well stewardship

A spatial analysis of private well water Escherichia coli contamination in southern Ontario

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