Private and civic actions as distinct types of individual engagement for transforming the exotic pet trade

Abstract

In the pathway toward environmental sustainability, it is important that we understand how individuals can make a difference through diverse types of engagement. Theories suggest that transformative change toward a sustainable future requires individuals to engage in not only private actions (e.g. household energy saving, recycling) but also social‐signalling and system‐changing civic actions (e.g. opinion sharing, voting, petition signing and protesting). Yet, past research on pro‐environmental behaviour has primarily focused on private actions, while overlooking individual contributions to facilitating widespread change through civic actions. We use the exotic pet trade as a focal case to understand how individuals may act to promote environmental sustainability through different patterns of engagement and what factors might explain these distinct patters of action. Results from an online survey about behavioural intentions in the United States (n = 527) revealed three types of individual action that could transform the exotic pet trade. Private actions clustered separately from civic actions. Within the category of civic actions, a distinction emerged between lower social‐commitment actions and higher social‐commitment actions, based on the perceived level of social engagement and personal efforts involved. We also found that each type of action was associated with unique factors, highlighting the importance of attitudes, perceived social norms, and relational values for variously promoting individual engagement among the U.S. public. Our findings suggest that these distinct types of action should be treated differently when designing future wildlife conservation campaigns and behaviour change interventions. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Combating the exotic pet trade: Effects of conservation messaging on attitudes, demands, and civic intentions

“…Such variations in messaging effects may be explained in terms of the nature of actions in question. Although both avoiding wildlife entertainment visitation and exotic pet ownership are classified as private actions (Naito et al, 2023), these two actions are likely different in terms of the level of personal investment. Wildlife entertainment visitation tends to occur more casually and occasionally with relatively low effort, whereas exotic pet ownership entails strong preferences and long-term commitment and relationships with animals.…”

Audience segmentation approach to conservation messaging for transforming the exotic pet trade

“…Furthermore, it risks public health and safety (Can et al, 2019;Chomel et al, 2007) and undermines the rule of law (Freund et al, 2017;Kitade & Naruse, 2020;Lyons & Natusch, 2011). To mitigate the trade's detrimental impacts, it is crucial to engage with the public to reduce demand and promote civic actions for policy change-this combination of private and civic actions is key to achieving transformative change (Naito et al, 2022(Naito et al, , 2023.…”

An audience segmentation approach to conservation messaging for transforming the exotic pet trade

“…Furthermore, it risks public health and safety (Can et al, 2019;Chomel et al, 2007) and undermines the rule of law (Freund et al, 2017;Kitade & Naruse, 2020;Lyons & Natusch, 2011). To mitigate the trade's detrimental impacts, it is crucial to engage with people to reduce demand and promote civic actions for policy change -this combination of private and civic actions is key to achieving transformative change (Naito et al, 2022;Naito et al, 2023). Messaging -the strategic communication of information -is a commonly used approach to promote behavior change in efforts to curb illegal or unsustainable wildlife trade (Veríssimo & Wan, 2019).…”