Privacy-Preserving Reversible Information Hiding Based on Arithmetic of Quadratic Residues

Abstract

The phenomenal advances of cloud computing technology have given rise to the research area of privacy-preserving signal processing, which aims to preserve information privacy even when the signals are processed in an insecure environment. Privacy-preserving information hiding is a multidisciplinary study that has opened up a great deal of intriguing real-life applications, such as data exfiltration prevention, data origin authentication, and electronic data management. Information hiding is a practice of embedding intended messages into carrier signals through imperceptible alterations. In view of some content-sensitive scenarios, however, the ability to preserve perfect copies of signals is of crucial importance, for instance, considering the inadequate robustness of recent artificial intelligence-aided automated systems against noise perturbations. Reversibility of information hiding systems is a valuable property that permits recovery of original carrier signals if desired. In this paper, we propose a novel privacy-preserving reversible information hiding scheme inspired by the mathematical concept of quadratic residues. A quadratic residue has four (not necessarily distinct) square roots, which enables payloads to be encoded in a dynamic fashion. Furthermore, a predictive model based upon the projection theorem is devised to assist carrier signal recovery. The experimental results showed significant improvements over the state-of-the-art methods with regard to capacity, fidelity, and reversibility.

Cryptospace Invertible Steganography with Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks

“…ere is, in addition, one further strategy for cryptospace invertible steganography. Compared with the aforementioned strategies, it suggests analysing and exploiting data redundancy after decryption rather than before or during a state of encryption [40][41][42][43][44].…”

Secure high capacity tetris‐based scheme for data hiding

“…Data hiding (DH) is one technique that has been designed to hide secret messages using various cover media, i.e. images, videos, and audios files, for secret and secure communication [1–4] or the error resilience of multimedia communications [5–7]. The key point of DH lies on the imperceptible modifications made on cover media so that the human eyes have difficulty detecting any distortion caused by DH.…”

High-Capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Hierarchical Quad-Tree Coding and Multi-MSB Prediction

“…For example, let n be 4 and there are four overflow pixels on the same row. Suppose that their locations are (6,5), (6,7), (6,9), (6,10), respectively. Then the location sequence of these four overflow pixels is (0110 0100 0101 0111 1001 1010).…”

“…However, with the increasing popularity of cloud computing and storage applications, people often store or process their privacy data in cloud servers [8][9][10]. Various security issues, such as tampering, forgery, and illegal copying, continuously emerge, which make the privacy protection of digital images attract more and more attention.…”