Pristine and iron-engineered animal- and plant-derived biochars enhanced bacterial abundance and immobilized arsenic and lead in a contaminated soil

339

Biochar shows significant potential to serve as a globally applicable material to remediate water and soil owing to the extensive availability of feedstocks and conducive physio-chemical surface characteristics. This review aims to highlight biochar production technologies, characteristics of biochar, and the latest advancements in immobilizing and eliminating heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in soil and water. Pyrolysis temperature, heat transfer rate, residence time, and type of feedstock are critical influential parameters. Biochar’s efficacy in managing contaminants relies on the pore size distribution, surface groups, and ion-exchange capacity. The molecular composition and physical architecture of biochar may be crucial when practically applied to water and soil. In general, biochar produced at relatively high pyrolysis temperatures can effectively manage organic pollutants via increasing surface area, hydrophobicity and microporosity. Biochar generated at lower temperatures is deemed to be more suitable for removing polar organic and inorganic pollutants through oxygen-containing functional groups, precipitation and electrostatic attraction. This review also presents the existing obstacles and future research direction related to biochar-based materials in immobilizing organic contaminants and heavy metal ions in effluents and soil. Graphical Abstract

Section: Heavy Metal Ionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Fig.3A Pristine and iron-engineered animal-and plant-derived biochars enhanced bacterial abundance and immobilized arsenic and lead in a contaminated soil(Pan et al 2021). B Immobilization mech-…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar for the removal of contaminants from soil and water: a review

Qiu

Liu

Ling

et al. 2022

339

“…Biochar is a low-cost carbonaceous material produced from the pyrolysis of biomass wastes, with high porosity and abundant surface functional groups (Altaf et al 2021b;Wu et al 2021). Biochar has been proven as an excellent adsorbent for the removal of toxic organic compounds (Huang et al 2018a, b;Qin et al 2018;Nie et al 2021), and trace metal(loid)s such as Cd (Chen et al 2021;Yin et al 2021), Cr (Wei et al 2019a;Xu et al 2020), Pb (Wen et al 2021;Yang et al 2021), Hg (Altaf et al 2021a, b;Liu et al 2022), As (Pan et al 2021;Yang et al 2022), and Sb (Wan et al 2020;Song et al 2021;Zhu et al 2021). Biochar can adsorb metal(loid) ions through multiple mechanisms such as pore filling, ion exchange, precipitation, and surface complexation with functional groups (Hu et al 2020;Bolan et al 2022a).…”

Section: Insights Into Simultaneous Adsorption and Oxidation Of Antim...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into simultaneous adsorption and oxidation of antimonite [Sb(III)] by crawfish shell-derived biochar: spectroscopic investigation and theoretical calculations

Chen

Gao

et al. 2022

Self Cite

Removal of antimonite [Sb(III)] from the aquatic environment and reducing its biotoxicity is urgently needed to safeguard environmental and human health. Herein, crawfish shell-derived biochars (CSB), pyrolyzed at 350, 500, and 650°C, were used to remediate Sb(III) in aqueous solutions. The adsorption data best fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. Biochar produced at 350°C (CSB350) showed the highest adsorption capacity (27.7 mg g− 1), and the maximum 78% oxidative conversion of Sb(III) to Sb(V). The adsorption results complemented with infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron (XPS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy analyses indicated that the adsorption of Sb(III) on CSB involved electrostatic interaction, surface complexation with oxygen-containing functional groups (C = O, O = C–O), π–π coordination with aromatic C = C and C–H groups, and H-bonding with –OH group. Density functional theory calculations verified that surface complexation was the most dominant adsorption mechanism, whilst π–π coordination and H-bonding played a secondary role. Furthermore, electron spin resonance (ESR) and mediated electrochemical reduction/oxidation (MER/MEO) analyses confirmed that Sb(III) oxidation at the biochar surface was governed by persistent free radicals (PFRs) (•O2− and •OH) and the electron donating/accepting capacity (EDC/EAC) of biochar. The abundance of preferable surface functional groups, high concentration of PFRs, and high EDC conferred CSB350 the property of an optimal adsorbent/oxidant for Sb(III) removal from water. The encouraging results of this study call for future trials to apply suitable biochar for removing Sb(III) from wastewater at pilot scale and optimize the process. Graphical abstract

“…removing contaminants from water (Niazi et al 2018;Yin et al 2021;Chen et al 2022a) and air (Zhang et al 2019(Zhang et al , 2021b, enhancing soil productivity (Li et al 2018;Sun et al 2019;Chen et al 2022c), mitigating climate change (Lu et al 2019;Song et al 2019), and remediating soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (Lu et al 2014;Pan et al 2021;Yang et al 2021Yang et al , 2022 and organic pollutants (He et al 2019;Qin et al 2018;Nie et al 2021). The biochar properties, such as high porosity and adsorption capacity, have also been suggested as favorable in the development of an N-carrier for sustainable agriculture (Chen et al 2019a, b;Sun et al 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

A critical review of biochar-based nitrogen fertilizers and their effects on crop production and the environment

Gao

Fang

Zwieten

et al. 2022

Self Cite

Globally, nitrogen (N) fertilizer demand is expected to reach 112 million tonnes to support food production for about 8 billion people. However, more than half of the N fertilizer is lost to the environment with impacts on air, water and soil quality, and biodiversity. Importantly, N loss to the environment contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Nevertheless, where N fertilizer application is limited, severe depletion of soil fertility has become a major constraint to sustainable agriculture. To address the issues of low fertilizer N use efficiency (NUE), biochar-based N fertilizers (BBNFs) have been developed to reduce off-site loss and maximize crop N uptake. These products are generally made through physical mixing of biochar and N fertilizer or via coating chemical N fertilizers such as prilled urea with biochar. This review aims to describe the manufacturing processes of BBNFs, and to critically assess the effects of the products on soil properties, crop yield and N loss pathways. Graphical Abstract