Prisons’ condition and treatment of prisoners in Nigeria: towards genuine reformation of prisoners or a violation of prisoners’ rights?

Promoting Socio-Economic Development through Alternative Incarceration Systems of Rehabilitation of Offenders in Nsawam Medium-Security Prisons in Ghana

“…To him, it may seem self-evident that increased imprisonment will result in additional crime reduction. Danjuma et al (2018) argued that imprisonment not only reduces future crimes by removing criminals from circulation (incapacitation), but it may also inhibit individuals from committing future crimes out of fear of punishment. In contrast to these beliefs, Halter (2018) believes that raising jail rates has a little effect on crime reduction and implies substantial expenses.…”

“…Although there is significant controversy about this hypothesis, it is widely believed that programs are designed to prevent adult and juvenile offenders from recidivating (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990). Danjuma, Nordin, and Muhamad (2018) stated that children growing up in high-risk communities afflicted by poverty, poor educational attainment, unemployment, and other environmental risk factors struggle to create unambiguous, pro-social norms. In other words, as a youngster grows, he or she may be driven by specific circumstances to act out and therefore become a social misfit.…”