Priority-Based Pipelined-Forwarding MAC Protocol for EH-WSNs

Abstract

To reduce the end-to-end delay in EH-WSNs (energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks), medium access control protocols using pipelined-forwarding have been introduced and studied. In real-life applications, there are several situations where it is difficult to harvest more energy than the energy consumed. Therefore, it is crucial to design a MAC protocol that allows nodes to efficiently relay data without exhausting the power in pipelined-forwarding multihop transmission. In this paper, we propose a PP-MAC (priority-based pipelined-forwarding MAC) protocol that determines the priority of relay nodes based on the residual power and energy-harvesting rate. The proposed protocol determines the probability of a node becoming a relay node based on the priority of the node and attempts to access the channel in a distributed manner. Furthermore, the PP-MAC protocol controls the sleep interval based on the power conditions of the nodes. It also minimizes the power exhaustion problem by controlling the sleep interval based on the priority of the nodes. The performance of the proposed PP-MAC was evaluated via computer simulation, and the results indicated that PP-MAC could improve the network lifetime by mitigating the power imbalance of nodes.

Prioritized Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

“…High priority data part can use more priority data part slots. Data slot's length is different, it depends on the priority queue [2], [11], [19]. When duplicate data is detected, data is transmitted by increasing the transmission cycle.…”

“…Using the MAX-MIN fairness algorithm [19], control the rate and packetized for Intra node scheduling. To select the next transmitted packet, Generalized Processor Sharing [11] algorithm is used. For inter-node scheduling, a new method called Loosely Prioritized Random Access (LPRA) is proposed to adjust the media access order of nodes with packets transmitted based on transmission urgency.…”

“…When classifying the node data in the RL-Classifier, the priority is divided through reinforcement learning and stored in the queue [1]. Priority is given differently depending on the urgency and traffic characteristics of the node [11], [16].…”

“…Because the existing MAC protocol was interested in only saving transmission energy, the algorithm considering the redundancy packet and priority of data took over the role by adjusting the contention window size, which has a small processing level or limits the transmission time [4], [6]. The proposed Mac protocol classifies the transmitted data through reinforcement learning at the node and loads multiple queues [6], [10], [11]. If nodes have the same data contents or destination, the transmission priority is made very low to increase transmission efficiency [12]- [14].…”

“…In this way, the total traffic can be efficiently operated to extend network life [4]. It is expected that the operation of the entire network will run smoothly by reducing the load on the sink node for energy efficiency and data processing only by efficient operation of transmitted data [11], [15].…”