“…Several factors have been identified as contributing to homeless Veterans’ underutilization of primary care services, including lack of transportation, insurance, and a usual source of care, and presences of competing priorities (Chwastiak, Tsai, & Rosenheck, 2012; Gelberg, Andersen, & Leake, 2000; Gelberg, Gallagher, Andersen, & Koegel, 1997; Kushel, Vittinghoff, & Haas, 2001; Steward et al, 2016). Another critical factor that affects homeless persons’ primary care service use is negative perceptions of how homeless persons were treated by healthcare providers and their perceptions of the healthcare environment (Mason, Jensen, & Boland, 1992; O’Toole, Johnson, Redihan, Borgia, & Rose, 2015; Steward et al, 2016; Wen, Hudak, & Hwang, 2007).…”