Priorities for research and control of cestode zoonoses in Asia

Xiao, Ning; Yao, Jiawen; Ding, Weiwei; Giraudoux, Patrick; Craig, Philip S.; Itō, Akira

doi:10.1186/2049-9957-2-16

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In addition, they are rapid, field-proven, inexpensive, and particularly useful in resource-poor settings. Several commercial and experimental RDTs for the diagnosis of CE or AE have been developed [ 14 – 16 ], but studies evaluating these devices under field conditions are very limited [ 17 , 31 ]. Therefore, we previously developed an RDT which can detect simultaneously CE and AE with high sensitivity and specificity [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field evaluation of an immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe larval stages of the tapeworms Echinocoocus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis are the causative agents of human cystic echinococcosis (CE) and human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), respectively. Both CE and AE are chronic diseases characterised by long asymptomatic periods of many years. However, early diagnosis of the disease is important if treatment and management of echinococcosis patients are to be successful.MethodsA previously developed rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for the differential detection of CE and AE was evaluated under field conditions with finger prick blood samples taken from 1502 people living in the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China, a region with a high prevalence for both forms of human echinococcosis. The results were compared with simultaneously obtained abdominal ultrasonographic scans of the individuals.ResultsUsing the ultrasonography as the gold standard, sensitivity and specificity, and the diagnostic accuracy of the RDT were determined to be greater than 94% for both CE and AE. For CE cases, high detection rates (95.6–98.8%) were found with patients having active cysts while lower detection rates (40.0–68.8%) were obtained with patients having transient or inactive cysts. In contrast, detection rates in AE patients were independent of the lesion type. The positive likelihood ratio of the RDT for CE and AE was greater than 20 and thus fairly high, indicating that a patient with a positive test result has a high probability of having echinococcosis.ConclusionsThe results suggest that our previously developed RDT is suitable as a screening tool for the early detection of human echinococcosis in endemic areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field evaluation of an immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis

et al. 2018

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“…Recently, the advances made in the vaccine area are really promising to be applied to the control of cysticercosis. In fact, several intervention programs have already included the use of vaccines to interrupt the parasite transmission, among other measures (Assana et al 2013;Xiao et al 2013). There are vaccines based on the use of crude extracts, recombinant antigens, peptides, and naked DNA.…”

Section: Prevention and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally, it can be prevented through improvements in health and education standards, treatment of T. solium carriers, improved pig-rearing management, as well as by treatment of infected animals (Flisser et al 2003(Flisser et al , 2004Engels et al 2003;Sarti and Rajshekhar 2003;González et al 2003;Xiao et al 2013). More importantly, it is possible to consider its eradication taking into account that human tapeworm carrier is the unique definitive host and the sole source of infection for intermediate hosts, domestic animals are the main intermediate hosts, wild reservoirs are not important, and intervention tools for control are available (Gilman et al 2012).…”

Section: Prevention and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taeniosis and Cysticercosis

Ferrer

Gárate

2014

Helminth Infections and Their Impact on Global Public Health

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Taeniosis and cysticercosis are zoonotic diseases produced by Taenia saginata and Taenia solium. The adult tapeworms are parasites of human intestine and show a wide geographical distribution. Taenia asiatica, another tapeworm species, was described in Southeast Asia. The larval stages of these cestodes (metacestodes or cysticerci) cause cysticercosis; T. saginata causes bovine cysticercosis, T. asiatica larvae develop in the pig viscera, and T. solium is able to produce cysticercosis in both pig and man. When the parasite larva invades, the central nervous system (CNS) can provoke neurocysticercosis (NCC), one of the most frequent parasitic infections of human CNS. These diseases continue to cause health problems and livestock industry losses in areas where the parasites are endemic and also in non-endemic regions as a consequence of travel and migrations. There are few symptoms associated with taeniosis; in contrast, NCC (pleomorphic pathology) could be a life-threatening disease, depending on the location, number, stage of cysticerci, and the host immune response. Diagnosis of taeniosis is generally achieved by stool microscopic examinations, and the detection of cysticercosis is generally performed by neuroimaging and immunoassays. Both conventional coprological techniques and immunological assays show limitations, and new diagnostic tools have been developed, more specific and sensitive, such as specific monoclonal antibodies, recombinant antigens, synthetic peptides, and PCR. Considering the clinical impact, veterinary problems, and economic losses derived from taeniosis/cysticercosis, control programs have been implemented. In addition, several vaccine candidates have been characterized that could complement the control measures.

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“…Domestic and farm dogs form the most important reservoir. A national survey in 2012 found 4.26% of dogs were positive for echinococcosis based on the copro-antigen test [ 33 , 34 ]. The infection rate in stray dogs was higher than that in owned dogs and in some areas, such as Yushu of Qinghai Province, even reached 70% [ 35 ].…”

Section: Potential and Challenges For Uav Use In Control Of Zoonosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unmanned aerial vehicles: potential tools for use in zoonosis control

Liu

Xiao

2018

Infect Dis Poverty

Self Cite

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become useful tools to extend human abilities and capacities. Currently UAVs are being used for the surveillance of environmental factors related to the transmission of infectious diseases. They have also been used for delivering therapeutic drugs and life-saving supplies to patients or isolated persons in extreme conditions. There have been very few applications of UAVs for disease surveillance, control and prevention to date. However, we foresee many uses for these machines in the fight against zoonotic disease. The control of zoonoses has been a big challenge as these diseases are naturally maintained in animal populations. Among 868 reported zoonoses, echinococcosis (hydatid disease) is one of the most severe public health problems and listed as one of 17 neglected tropical diseases targeted for control by the World Health Organization. Infected dogs (domestic or stray) play the most important role as definitive hosts in maintaining the transmission of echinococcosis. However, the actual contribution of wild canines to transmission has received little attention as yet, but should certainly not be ignored. This paper summarizes the history of development and application of UAVs, with an emphasis on their potential use for zoonosis control. As an example, we outline a pilot trial of echinococcosis control in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region, in which UAVs were used to deliver baits with praziquantel for wildlife deworming. The data suggested that this is a cost-effective and efficient approach to the control of zoonotic diseases transmitted among wild animal populations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-018-0430-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Priorities for research and control of cestode zoonoses in Asia

Cited by 23 publications

References 50 publications

Field evaluation of an immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis

Field evaluation of an immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis

Taeniosis and Cysticercosis

Unmanned aerial vehicles: potential tools for use in zoonosis control

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