Prior Exercise Reduces Fast-Start Duration and End-Spurt Magnitude during Cycling Time-Trial

Lima‐Silva, Adriano Eduardo; Correia-Oliveira, Carlos Rafaell; Tenório, Luciana Lucena; Melo, Adriana Almeida Sales de; Bertuzzi, Rômulo Cássio de Moraes; Bishop, David

doi:10.1055/s-0032-1331258

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Specifically, the present study indicates that a clutch performance can be experienced in situations beyond competition such as in dangerous situations (polar expeditions) and in training. The descriptions of clutch states may also capture the subjective experience of the "end-spurt" (Lima-Silva et al, 2013;Swann et al, under review). That is, in events which require pacing (e.g., marathons), athletes realize that they can significantly increase their speed without reaching exhaustion before the finishing line, and make a conscious decision to go for an end spurt (Marcora, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performing under pressure: Exploring the psychological state underlying clutch performance in sport

Swann

Crust

Jackman

et al. 2016

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Clutch performance is improved performance under pressure. However, little research has examined the psychological state experienced by athletes in these situations. Therefore, this study qualitatively examined the subjective experience underlying clutch performance across a range of sports (e.g., team, individual) and standards (Olympic to recreational athletes). Sixteen athletes (M = 27.08 years; SD = 6.48) took part in in-depth, semi-structured interviews primarily after an exceptional performance (M = 4.38 days later; SD = 3.14). Data were analysed inductively and thematically. Clutch states involved 12 characteristics, including heightened and deliberate concentration, intense effort, and heightened awareness, which distinguished the experience of clutch from other optimal psychological states such as flow. Other characteristics, such as perceptions of control, were also reported and supported previous experimental research on clutch. These findings present in-depth qualitative insights into the psychological state underlying clutch performance, and are discussed in relation to the existing literature on optimal psychological states in sport.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performing under pressure: Exploring the psychological state underlying clutch performance in sport

Swann

Crust

Jackman

et al. 2016

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…VO 2 peak was calculated as the highest 30-s mean VO2. Peak power was extrapolated by using the formula [Peak power last completed stage (Watts) + time in the last stage (s)/60 × 30 (Watts)] (Lima-Silva et al, 2013). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familiarization Protocol Influences Reproducibility of 20-km Cycling Time-Trial Performance in Novice Participants

et al. 2017

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Introduction: Exercise performance is reproducible in experienced athletes; however, less trained participants exhibit greater variability in performance and pacing. To reduce variability, it is common practice to complete a familiarization prior to experimental testing. However, there are no clear guidelines for familiarizing novice participants to a cycling time-trial (TT), and research findings from novice populations may still be influenced by learning effects. Accordingly, the aims of this study were to establish the variability between TTs after administering differing familiarization protocols (duration or type) and to establish the number of familiarization trials required to limit variability over multiple trials.Methods: Thirty recreationally active participants, with no prior experience of a TT, performed a 20-km cycling TT on five separate occasions, after completing either a full (FF, 20-km TT, n = 10), a half (HF, 10-km TT, n = 10) or an equipment familiarization (EF, 5-min cycling, n = 10).Results: Variability of TT duration across five TTs was the lowest after completing FF (P = 0.69, ηp2 = 0.05) compared to HF (P = 0.08, ηp2 = 0.26) and EF (P = 0.07, ηp2 = 0.21). In the FF group after TT2, the effect size for changes in TT duration was small (d < 0.49). There were large differences between later TTs in HF (d = 1.02, TT3-TT4) and EF (d = 1.12, TT4-TT5). The variability in mean power output profiles between trials was lowest within FF, with a similar pacing profile reproduced between TT3-TT5.Discussion: Familiarization of the exercise protocol influenced reproducibility of pacing and performance over multiple, maximal TTs, with best results obtained after a full experience of the exercise compared to HF and EF. The difference of TT1 to later TTs indicates that one familiarization is not adequate in reducing the variability of performance for novice participants. After the FF and an additional TT, performance changes between TTs were small, however, a reproducible pacing profile was not developed until after the FF and two additional TTs. These findings indicate that a minimum of three full familiarizations are necessary for novice participants to limit systematic error before experimental testing.

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“…: um aumento excessivo na concentração do íon hidrogênio [H + ] e preservar a limitada reserva energética anaeróbia) e, consequentemente, suportar o sprint final (JONES et al, 2008;CORBETT et al, 2009). O aumento da intensidade no final da prova também seria resultante de um aumento na glicogenólise como consequência do glicogênio muscular poupado ao longo da prova (LIMA-SILVA et al 2013). Vale salientar, que o início rápido pode ser aplicado para ganhar a posição de um competidor ao passo que a redução na intensidade após esse início pode ser por uma opção tática ou instrução do treinador (SHEPHARD, 2009)…”

Section: Estratégia De Prova Negativaunclassified

“…Objetivando determinar a influência da experiência prévia e feedback da distância sobre a EP durante quatro provas de ciclismo de 4 km, Mauger et al (2009) (RAUCH et al, 2005;JOHNSON et al, 2006;LIMA-SILVA et al, 2013;SANTOS et al, 2013;SILVA-CAVALCANTE et al, 2013;CORREIA-OLIVEIRA et al, 2014), embora esse fator seja de extrema relevância para a prática do exercício físico.…”

Section: Mecanismos De Regulação Da Estratégia De Prova E Ritmo De Provaunclassified

“…Uma inalterada PSE entre as condições NH4Cl e placebo suportam essa hipótese (Figura 11) visto que essa resposta sugere que os participantes ajustaram a sua intensidade de exercício sob um estado de acidose metabólica para manter o mesmo padrão de aumento para a PSE. Diversos estudos sugerem que em condições desfavoráveis durante um teste, tal como estresse térmico (ABBISS et al, 2010), hipóxia (JOSEPH et al, 2008) ou glicogênio muscular reduzido (LIMA-SILVA et al, 2013), sentimentos indesejáveis fazem os participantes reduzirem a sua PP para manter o mesmo padrão de PSE ao longo do teste. Assim, o processo de controle do ritmo de prova leva em conta a PSE de momento.…”

Section: Parâmetros Respiratóriosunclassified

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Ingestão de bicarbonato de sódio e cloreto de amônio e seus efeitos sobre o ritmo de prova, desempenho e equilíbrio ácido-base em um teste contrarrelógio de ciclismo de 4km

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Prior Exercise Reduces Fast-Start Duration and End-Spurt Magnitude during Cycling Time-Trial

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Performing under pressure: Exploring the psychological state underlying clutch performance in sport

Performing under pressure: Exploring the psychological state underlying clutch performance in sport

Familiarization Protocol Influences Reproducibility of 20-km Cycling Time-Trial Performance in Novice Participants

Ingestão de bicarbonato de sódio e cloreto de amônio e seus efeitos sobre o ritmo de prova, desempenho e equilíbrio ácido-base em um teste contrarrelógio de ciclismo de 4km

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