Prior context influences motor brain areas in an auditory oddball task and prefrontal cortex multitasking modelling

Abstract

In this study, the relationship of orienting of attention, motor control and the Stimulus- (SDN) and Goal-Driven Network (GDN) was explored through an innovative method for fMRI analysis considering all voxels after every type condition. The task consisted of four conditions: standard target (G), novel (N), neutral (Z) and noisy target (NG). First running average reaction times of each condition was made. In the second level analysis, ‘distracted’ participants evoke brain activations and differences in both hemispheres neural network for selective attention as previously reported while the participants, as a whole, demonstrated mainly left cortical and subcortical activations. A context analysis was run in the behaviourally distracted participant group contrasting the trials immediately prior to the G trials, namely one of the Z, N or NG conditions. Results showed different prefrontal activations were evoked dependent on prior context in auditory modality with recruiting from 1 to 10 brain prefrontal areas. The more motor response and influence of the previous novel stimulus the more prefrontal areas, which extend hierarchical studies of prefrontal control of attention and explain better how the auditory processing interferes with movement. Also, it was addressed how subcortical loops and model of previous motor response affected the signal processing the novel stimulus, lateralized or simultaneously, with the Target. This model makes the first grasp to understand how auditory stimulus is changing motor responses in a kind of self-induced motor response. Moreover, current BCI works address some multimodal stimulus-driven systems.

The Effect of Context and Individual Differences in Human‐Generated Randomness

“…Without the cues, it is significantly harder for the system to even reach the state optimal for random series generation due to the lack of appropriate external constraints. Such a hypothesis is indirectly corroborated by results, indicating that contextual cues can indeed affect the functioning of different functional components and brain regions such as motor areas and prefrontal cortex (Koechlin et al, 2003;Mugruza-Vassallo et al, 2021). In other words, patterned, non-random series are the typical results of internal dynamics of the cognitive system without additional external constraints and it is such constraints that help to push the system from the ordered to disordered phase.…”

Isolation and identification of a native microbial consortium for the coffee pulp degradation above 2000 masl

“…future work may consider to study the beneficial health properties and possibly to be tested in brain activity, such current work tested coffee as a co-factor (Córdova-Berríos; Mugruza-Vassallo; Flores-Benites, 2018) based on visual to temporal stimulus presentation(Torres- Tejeda et al, 2020) extending to augmented reality experiments as well as on attention(Mugruza-Vassallo;Potter, 2019) and multitasking(Mugruza-Vassallo et al, 2021).…”