Printed in great Britain Cr(VI) and other metallic mutagens in fly ash and welding fumes†

Stern, Richard M.; Thomsen, E.; Furst, Arthur

doi:10.1080/02772248409357044

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Combustion and the processing of ore discharge primarily trivalent chromium into the environment as chromium oxide; however, small amounts of hexavalent chromium does appear in fly-ash of coal-fired power plants 14 and from chromate manufacturing sites. The highest exposure to hexavalent chromium occurs during chromate production, ferrochrome and chrome pigment production, chrome plating, and stainless steel welding.…”

Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium

Barceloux¹

1999

Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology

464

304

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chromium occurs primarily in the trivalent state (III), which is the most stable form, or in the hexavalent state (VI), which is a strong oxidizing agent. Elemental chromium (0) does not occur naturally on earth. Trivalent chromium (III) is an essential trace metal necessary for the formation of glucose tolerance factor and for the metabolism of insulin. Commercial applications of chromium compounds include tanning (III), corrosion inhibition, plating, glassware-cleaning solutions, wood preservatives (VI), manufacture of safety matches, metal finishing (VI), and the production of pigments (III, VI). Hexavalent chromium (VI) contaminated local soil when chromium waste slag was part of the fill material present in residential, public, and industrial areas. In some urban areas, about two-thirds of the chromium in air results from the emission of hexavalent chromium from fossil fuel combustion and steel production. The remaining chromium in air is the trivalent form. The residence time of chromium in air is < 10 days, depending on the particle size. Trivalent compounds generally have low toxicity and the gastrointestinal tract poorly absorbs these compounds. Hexavalent chromium is a skin and mucous membrane irritant and some of these hexavalent compounds are strong corrosive agents. Hexavalent chromium compounds also produce an allergic contact dermatitis characterized by eczema. Sensitivity to trivalent compounds is much less frequent, but some workers may react to high concentrations of these compounds. Hexavalent chromium is recognized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and by the US Toxicology Program as a pulmonary carcinogen. The increased risk of lung cancer occurs primarily in workers exposed to hexavalent chromium dust during the refining of chromite ore and the production of chromate pigments. Although individual studies suggest the possibility of an excess incidence of cancer at sites outside the lung, the results from these studies are inconsistent.

show abstract

Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium

Barceloux¹

1999

Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology

464

304

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…12 Analysis of total chromium and nickel was by flame AAS: Cr(VI) by diphenylcarbazide (DPC) method, modified in cell culture medium by first adding the DPC followed by acidification just prior to spectroscopic analysis to avoid problems of stability of the DPCCr complex formed in the organic solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%