Printed, flexible electrochromic displays using interdigitated electrodes

Coleman, James P.; Lynch, Anne T.; Madhukar, P.; Wagenknecht, J. H.

doi:10.1016/s0927-0248(98)00144-5

Cited by 73 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Screen printing, ink-jet printing, spin coating, and cast coating of nanoparticle suspensions also yield semiconducting films of reasonable quality [40,41]. For the application as parts of electronic devices, bath and electrochemical deposition methods have an advantage in their practical and economical nature.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Semiconducting Thin Layers and Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Semiconducting Materials: New Perspectives for Molecular‐Scale Information Processing

Gawęda

Kowalik²,

Kwolek³

et al. 2012

Molecular and Supramolecular Information Processing

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Section: Synthesis Of Semiconducting Thin Layers and Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Semiconducting Materials: New Perspectives for Molecular‐Scale Information Processing

Gawęda

Kowalik²,

Kwolek³

et al. 2012

Molecular and Supramolecular Information Processing

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“…Low-cost high-throughput printing of solution processed electronics is a rapidly expanding fi eld that already encompasses many large-scale applications such as roll-to-roll (R2R) printed solar cells, [1][2][3][4][5] including current collecting grids, [ 5,6 ] displays, [7][8][9] and radio frequency identifi cation devices. [10][11][12] Current developments in the fi eld result in the fabrication of devices with outstanding properties such as recyclability, fl exibility, and light weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Screen Printing Inks by Gelation of Graphene Dispersions

Arapov

Rubingh

Abbel

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

143

118

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vital [ 25 ] as it facilitates thick layers (of up to 100 µm) in a single pass, however, at the expense of a lower printing defi nition.Following screen printing typically posttreatments such as drying, annealing, or top-coating are employed to maximize conductivities. The conditions of post-treatment defi ne the substrate that can be used for printing. For example, ink annealing at 250 °C and higher for 30 min [ 18,24,25 ] signifi cantly limits the range of suitable substrates and fundamentally limits high speed R2R industrial realization. Thus, the design of graphene inks that meet the requirements of current R2R applications is still to be accomplished.There are several reports on the preparation of graphene-based inks comprising either graphene oxide (GO), [ 17,19,23,[27][28][29][30] or graphite exfoliated with [ 13,16,18,22,24,25 ] and without [ 20 ] surface active agents. The preparation of inks based on GO is relatively simple. However, due to the low conductivity of GO these inks require harsh post-treatments that make them less relevant to industrial applications. Liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite with or without surfactant by ultrasonication, [ 20,[31][32][33][34] or high-shear mixing [ 22,35 ] is a fl exible, and in the latter case a scalable manufacturing approach. [ 35 ] Nevertheless prolonged high shearing still requires separation of nonexfoliated graphite while the resulting dispersions consist mainly of small (<500 nm) graphene sheets. [ 33,34,36 ] Hence the quality [ 20 ] is far from the one obtained by micromechanical cleavage. [ 37 ] In contrast, expanded graphite (EG) demonstrates much better dispersibility than graphite due to signifi cantly weakened van der Waals interactions on account of an increased distance between the layers. [ 13,[38][39][40] This results in much shorter times and smaller energy input to obtain well-exfoliated concentrated dispersions of typically large (>1 µm) fl ake graphene. [ 39,41 ] Colloidal stability, however, as for the exfoliation of graphite, requires the presence of surface active agents and can be adjusted accordingly. The quality of graphene in EG depends on the precursor used for expansion. For instance, EG obtained from GO exhibits a highly defective structure, [ 41,42 ] whereas EG obtained from either donor-or acceptor-type intercalation compounds (IC) exhibits a much smaller amount of defects and, thus, is more suitable for highly conductive inks. [39][40][41] One of the approaches for ink preparation comprises stabilization of graphene dispersions by surfactants or surface active polymers on account of charge or van der Waals repulsion. This stabilization has been studied and reported by many research

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“…Solution-processed conductive inks are important materials for the manufacturing of low-cost high-throughput printed electronics such as displays, [1][2][3] organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), [4,5] roll-to-roll (R2R) printed solar cells, [6][7][8][9][10] and radio frequency identification tags. [11][12][13] Even though the field of printable conductors is still mainly focused on metalbased (Ag, Cu, %50 mΩ & À1 at 25 mm thickness) [13,14] inks and PEDOT:PSS dispersions (%50 Ω & À1 ), [15] graphene-based conductive inks are gaining attention both from science [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductivity Enhancement of Binder‐Based Graphene Inks by Photonic Annealing and Subsequent Compression Rolling

et al. 2016

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This paper describes a combination of photonic annealing and compression rolling to improve the conductive properties of printed binder‐based graphene inks. High‐density light pulses result in temperatures up to 500 °C that along with a decrease of resistivity lead to layer expansion. The structural integrity of the printed layers is restored using compression rolling resulting in smooth, dense, and highly conductive graphene films. The layers exhibit a sheet resistance of less than 1.4 Ω □−1 normalized to 25 µm thickness. The proposed approach can potentially be used in a roll‐to‐roll manner with common substrates, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and paper, paving thereby the road toward high‐volume graphene‐printed electronics.

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Printed, flexible electrochromic displays using interdigitated electrodes

Cited by 73 publications

References 5 publications

Hybrid Semiconducting Materials: New Perspectives for Molecular‐Scale Information Processing

Hybrid Semiconducting Materials: New Perspectives for Molecular‐Scale Information Processing

Conductive Screen Printing Inks by Gelation of Graphene Dispersions

Conductivity Enhancement of Binder‐Based Graphene Inks by Photonic Annealing and Subsequent Compression Rolling

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