Printed and Flexible Microheaters Based on Carbon Nanotubes

Falco, Aniello; Romero, Francisco J.; Loghin, F.; Lyuleeva, Alina; Becherer, Markus; Lugli, Paolo; Morales, Diego P.; Rodríguez, Noel; Salmerón, José F.; Rivadeneyra, Almudena

doi:10.3390/nano10091879

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Printed heaters are commonly integrated with other electronic devices such as nucleic acid amplification, displays, and chemical synthesis, making them a significant component of printed electronics. [40][41][42][43][44][45] To demonstrate the application of our novel printing substrate in printed electronics, we fabricated PES heaters by printing AgNP ink on our PES printing substrate (Figure 4c (i)). The end-to-end resistance of the printed PES heaters after annealing at 170 °C for 30 min was ≈200 to 250 Ω.…”

Section: Printed Electronics Applications: Printed Polyethersulfone H...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Polymeric Substrate with Dual‐Porous Structures for High‐Performance Inkjet‐Printed Flexible Electronic Devices

Soum

Lehmann

Lee

et al. 2023

Macro Materials & Eng

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Inkjet printing has emerged as a promising low‐cost and high‐performance method for manufacturing printing‐based devices. However, the development of optimized substrates for inkjet printing using novel materials is limited. In this study, a novel polymeric substrate optimized for flexible electronic devices is fabricated using thin‐film processing and phase inversion of polyethersulfone (PES). The PES film consists of two layers of pores; the upper layer has nano‐sized pores that filter the nanoparticles in the conductive ink and allow for high‐density aggregation on the substrate, while the lower layer contains micro‐scale pores that quickly absorb and drain the ink solvent. The two porous structures lead to higher conductivity and high‐resolution printed patterns by minimizing solvent lateral diffusion. Additionally, the PES printing substrate can undergo high‐temperature curing of metal nanoparticles, enabling high‐resolution pattern printing with low resistance. The PES substrate is highly transparent and flexible, allowing for the fabrication of various printed electronic patterns and the production of high‐performance flexible electronic devices.

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Section: Printed Electronics Applications: Printed Polyethersulfone H...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Polymeric Substrate with Dual‐Porous Structures for High‐Performance Inkjet‐Printed Flexible Electronic Devices

Soum

Lehmann

Lee

et al. 2023

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…Heating small areas with microheaters is an important task for several applications, from flow-sensing [ 37 , 38 ], degassing, driving and assisting electrochemical sensors [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ], to microfluidic system temperature control and sensing [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Carbon and graphene-based printed devices have recently demonstrated unprecedented performance in temperature sensing and microheater fabrication [ 16 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]; due to their unique properties, such as high mechanical durability, resistance to environmental corrosion and contamination, and an ability to reach high temperatures without changing their properties, these materials are excellent candidates for these applications. Functionalised reduced graphene oxide has also recently been utilized as a heater material [ 52 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Single and Multipass f–rGO Inkjet-Printed Structures with Various Concentrations: Electrical and Thermal Evaluation

Apostolakis

Barmpakos

Pilatis

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a derivative of graphene, which has been widely used as the conductive pigment of many water-based inks and is recognized as one of the most promising graphene-based materials for large-scale and low-cost production processes. In this work, we evaluate a custom functionalised reduced graphene oxide ink (f–rGO) via inkjet-printing technology. Test line structures were designed and fabricated by the inkjet printing process using the f–rGO ink on a pretreated polyimide substrate. For the electrical characterisation of these devices, two-point (2P) and four-point (4P) probe measurements were implemented. The results showed a major effect of the number of printed passes on the resulting resistance for all ink concentrations in both 2P and 4P cases. Interesting results can be extracted by comparing the obtained multipass resistance values that results to similar effective concentration with less passes. These measurements can provide the ground to grasp the variation in resistance values due to the different ink concentrations, and printing passes and can provide a useful guide in achieving specific resistance values with adequate precision. Accompanying topography measurements have been conducted with white-light interferometry. Furthermore, thermal characterisation was carried out to evaluate the operation of the devices as temperature sensors and heaters. It has been found that ink concentration and printing passes directly influence the performance of both the temperature sensors and heaters.

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“…Microheaters are also quite common in numerous biodevices, where the operating temperature requires precise control [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]; analytical paper-based devices incorporating such printed heaters have been developed [ 13 ], alongside local thermotherapeutic printed devices [ 14 ] and devices for drug metabolism research [ 15 ]. Various additive deposition techniques such as printing have been reported for effective selective patterning and fabrication of such devices on flexible [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] and stretchable substrates [ 21 ]. Liu et al [ 17 ] highlighted the main challenges faced in designing such flexible heaters; material selection, substrate selection, and deposition technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, in this comprehensive review, a variety of applications are referenced, such as epidermal thermotherapy, defogging and deicing, and various wearable devices for local temperature monitoring and control. Falco et al [ 18 ] recently studied a handful of properties of CNT-based flexible heaters on polyimide and the findings, amongst others, were the high device stability and repeatability after an initial burn-in process. Wang et al [ 20 ] exhibited a set of thin film heaters based on silver nanowires, on glass and PET substrates, with high spatial control of the temperature distribution, due to the good patterning definition of the devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Inkjet-Printed Heaters Utilizing Graphene-Based Inks

Barmpakos

Belessi

Xanthopoulos

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Thermal sensors are mainly based on the selective heating of specific areas, which in most cases is a critical feature for both the operation and the performance of the thermal device. In this work, we evaluate the thermoelectrical response of two graphitic materials, namely (a) a commercial 2.4%wt graphene–ethyl cellulose dispersion in cycloxehanone and terpineol (G) and (b) a custom functionalized reduced graphene oxide (f-rGO) ink in the range of −40 to 100 °C. Both inks were printed on a flexible polyimide substrate and the Thermal Coefficients of Resistance (TCR) were extracted as TCRG = −1.05 × 10−3 °C−1 (R2 = 0.9938) and TCRf-rGO = −3.86 × 10−3 °C−1 (R2 = 0.9967). Afterward, the inkjet-printed devices were evaluated as microheaters, in order to exploit their advantage for cost-effective production with minimal material waste. f-rGO and G printed heaters reached a maximum temperature of 97.5 °C at 242 mW and 89.9 °C at 314 mW, respectively, applied by a constant current source and monitored by an infrared camera. Repeatability experiments were conducted, highlighting the high robustness in long-term use. The power–temperature behavior was extracted by self-heating experiments to demonstrate the ability of the devices to serve as heaters. Both static and dynamic evaluation were performed in order to study the device behaviors and extract the corresponding parameters. After all the experimental processes, the resistance of the samples was again evaluated and found to differ less than 13% from the initial value. In this work, fabrication via inkjet printing and demonstration of efficient and stable microheaters utilizing a custom ink (f-rGO) and a commercial graphene ink are presented. This approach is suitable for fabricating selectively heated geometries on non-planar substrate with high repeatability and endurance in heat cycles.

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Printed and Flexible Microheaters Based on Carbon Nanotubes

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

A Novel Polymeric Substrate with Dual‐Porous Structures for High‐Performance Inkjet‐Printed Flexible Electronic Devices

A Novel Polymeric Substrate with Dual‐Porous Structures for High‐Performance Inkjet‐Printed Flexible Electronic Devices

Study of Single and Multipass f–rGO Inkjet-Printed Structures with Various Concentrations: Electrical and Thermal Evaluation

Flexible Inkjet-Printed Heaters Utilizing Graphene-Based Inks

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