Printable Electronics: Flexibility for the Future

Leenen, Mark A.M.; Arning, Volker; Thiem, Heiko; and, Jürgen Steiger; Anselmann, Ralf

doi:10.1002/9783527627387.ch2

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…P RINTED electronics is a rapidly developing field associated with the need for flexible, economically viable products with advanced functions; this includes large-area flexible displays, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, memory devices, and sensors. [1][2][3][4][5] Ink-jet printing, an extremely popular printing technology, is based on the direct deposition of a liquid precursor onto a substrate in a desired pattern via a layerby-layer build sequence under computer control. The liquid precursor (ink) is either a suspension or a solution based on inorganic, organic, polymer, or even biologic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of an Aqueous Titania Suspension and its Patterning with Ink‐Jet Printing Technology

et al. 2011

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We present a general protocol for processing cost‐beneficial, environmentally benign aqueous‐type suspensions containing metal‐oxide nanostructured particles, and their patterning with piezoelectric ink‐jet printing technology. The critical issues relevant to ink‐jet printing are the preparation and stabilization of nanosized particles in a fluid and adjusting its physical properties to the values appropriate for a particular ink‐jet printer mechanism. We discuss and illustrate, on a model titania system, the processing of a highly stable, colloidal, water‐based suspension containing particles not bigger than 570 nm, prepared by a ball‐milling process. For the ink‐jet printing experiments, the surface tension and the viscosity of the suspension were modified by the addition of a small amount of the appropriate non‐ionic amphiphiles and glycerol. The formation of droplets, their positioning on the substrate, and the shape and uniformity of the dots on the substrate are discussed and correlated with the fluid properties via the inverse Ohnesorge number Z. It was shown successfully that uniform, regular‐shaped TiO2 dots with a diameter of 30 μm and a good positioning accuracy on Si/SiO2 substrates could be obtained by jetting a fluid with Z values of 5 and 9 using a piezoelectric ink‐jet printer with a nozzle diameter of 21 μm operating at an amplitude of 13 V and a frequency of 5 kHz.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of an Aqueous Titania Suspension and its Patterning with Ink‐Jet Printing Technology

et al. 2011

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“…Transistors are basic building blocks of flexible electronics and flexible displays are one of the biggest and most explored flexible electronics applications [49]. In this work we show that a P(VDF-TrFE) film can be employed in the gate of a PEDOT:PSS-based electrochemical transistor to induce bistable on-off states to produce a memory element.…”

Section: Motivation and Goalmentioning

confidence: 96%

Addressability and GHz Operation in Flexible Electronics

Sani

2016

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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The first principle is that you must not fool yourself and you are the easiest person to fool. -Richard FeynmanThe discovery of conductive polymers in 1977 opened up a whole new path for flexible electronics. Conducting polymers and organic semiconductors are carbon rich compounds that are able to conduct charges while flexed and are compatible with low-cost and large-scale processes including printing and coating techniques. The conducting polymer has aided the rapidly expanding field of flexible electronics, leading to many new applications such as electronic skin, RFID tags, smart labels, flexible displays, implantable medical devices, and flexible sensors.However, there are several remaining challenges in the production and implementation of flexible electronic materials and devices. The conductivity of organic conductors and semiconductors is still orders of magnitude lower compared to their inorganic counterparts. In addition, non-flexible inorganic semiconductors still remain the materials of choice for high frequency applications; since the charge carrier mobility and thus operational speed of the organic materials are limited. Therefore, there remains a high demand to combine the high frequency operation of inorganic semiconductors with the flexible fabrication methods of organic systems for future electronics.In addition to the challenges in the choice of materials in flexible electronics, the upscaling of the flexible devices and implementing them in circuits can also be complicated. Lack of non-linearity is an issue that arises when flexible devices with linear behavior need to be incorporated in an array or matrix form. Non-linearity is important for applications such as displays and memory arrays, where the devices are arranged as matrix cells addressed by their row and column number. If the behavior of cells in the matrix is linear, addressing each cell affects the adjacent cells. Therefore, inducing non-linearity and, consequently, addressability in such linear devices is the first step before scaling up into matrix schemes.In this work, non-linear organic/inorganic hybrid devices are produced to overcome the limitations mentioned above and leverage the advantages of both organic and inorganic materials. Two novel methods are developed to incorporate non-flexible inorganic semiconductors into ultra-high frequency (UHF) flexible devices. In the first method, Si is ground into a powder with micrometer-sized particles and printed through standard screen printing. For the first time, allprinted flexible diodes operating in the GHz range are produced. The energy harvesting application of the printed diodes is demonstrated in a flexible circuit coupling an antenna and the display to the diode.A second and simpler room-temperature method based on lamination was later developed, which further improves device performance and operational frequency. Here, a flexible semiconducting composite film consisting of Si microparticles, glycerol, and nano-fibrillated cellulose is produced and used as the semiconduct...

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“…Printable electronics also allow easy use of flexible substrates such as low-cost plastic films. In addition, the inkjettechnique has the advantage of very flexible production because, unlike other manufacturing methods, digital manufacturing requires no physical masks or stencils [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%