Printable biosensors towards next-generation point-of-care testing: paper substrate as an example

Abstract

Printable biosensors have gained numerous exciting advancements towards downstream applications in fundamental biomedical research, healthcare, food safety, environmental monitoring and governance, and to name a few. Particularly, paper-based printable biosensors...

Microfluidic Immunosensing Platform Based on a Rolling Circle Amplification-Assisted DNA Dendrimer Probe for Portable and Sensitive Detection of Allergen-Specific IgE

“…When biomarkers in the blood are detected, blood cells will interfere with the sensing, reducing sensitivity and specificity. To realize POCT applications, various lab-on-chip immunoassays have been proposed, such as centrifugal − or paper-based − microfluidic chips. Nevertheless, very few immunoassays could achieve the comprehensive traits of sensitive, accurate, and multiple analytes in blood, which are very vital for clinical applications.…”

μPADs on Centrifugal Microfluidic Discs for Rapid Sample-to-Answer Salivary Diagnostics

“…21 Its high flexibility and deformability facilitate the complex 3D structural formation and accommodate different printing techniques. 22 The unique characteristics of cellulosic paper are its ecofriendly nature with easy decomposition, impressive biocompatibility, and potential to provide a strong contrast to a colored substrate. 23 Compared with LFA, μPADs demonstrate superior performance in quantitative analysis with various signal readout formats such as colorimetric techniques, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, fluorescence, and electrochemistry.…”

“…Various reagents have been applied to treat the cellulosic paper surface to change their physicochemical properties, like chemical groups and surface charge, and to enhance their performances in biosensing. 22 Previously, the carboxylic acid group-terminated silica was used to fabricate the cellulosic paper, and the resultant μPAD was successfully used for the detection of hCG with a performance comparable to that of commercially available pregnancy test strips. 20 Poly-L-lysine (PLL), as a positively charged amino acid polymer, has a large relative molecular weight and a high density of positive charges, making it a desirable candidate to immobilize negatively charged macromolecular proteins based on the electrostatic interaction.…”

“…Further, the porous structure of cellulosic paper provides a high surface-to-volume ratio and increases the number of biomolecules to be immobilized, leading to improved detection sensitivity . Its high flexibility and deformability facilitate the complex 3D structural formation and accommodate different printing techniques . The unique characteristics of cellulosic paper are its ecofriendly nature with easy decomposition, impressive biocompatibility, and potential to provide a strong contrast to a colored substrate .…”

“…Thus, it lacks the ability to immobilize proteins. Various reagents have been applied to treat the cellulosic paper surface to change their physicochemical properties, like chemical groups and surface charge, and to enhance their performances in biosensing . Previously, the carboxylic acid group-terminated silica was used to fabricate the cellulosic paper, and the resultant μPAD was successfully used for the detection of hCG with a performance comparable to that of commercially available pregnancy test strips .…”