Principles of Stabilization

Wypych, George

doi:10.1016/b978-1-927885-61-1.50014-1

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 243 publications

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“…Formation of char is also responsible for reducing the flammable volatiles and smoke production. [27] The results indicate that 10 g addition of ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate (ADOP) in LLDPE/DP provided the significant results in comparison to FR0. The minimum value of LOI % (28.8 � 0.36) and char yield (9.9) for FR2 are in complete agreement with the slightly inadequate V1 classification of UL-94 VB results.…”

Section: Limiting Oxygen Index (Loi) Testingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of Flame Retardants on LLDPE‐Date Pit Fiber Composites: Thermal Degradation and Tensile Properties

et al. 2020

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Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)-date pit composites incorporated with different flame retardants were synthesized by extrusion and casted into shape by injection moulding. Several additive type flame retardants viz. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP), Melamine phosphate (MP), Ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate (ADOP), Diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP) were added to enhance the flame retarding behaviour of composites. The thermal analysis and mechanical properties of composites have also been investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a two step degradation mechanism of all the blends. The kinetic parameters such as activation energy and differential conversion function f(�) were evaluated using three different non isothermal methods based on the iso conversional plots: Friedman (FM), Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) and Coats-Redfern (Modified). The average value of activation energy of thermal degradation of blends evaluated using Friedman method; was used to depict the actual mechanism of degradation by fabricating the Criado's master plot. Addition of any kind of flame retardant led to an improvement in both tensile as well as flexural strength of composites. According to the results of Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) and UL-94 testing, addition of APP led to the significant improvement in the flame retardancy of LLDPE composites.

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Section: Limiting Oxygen Index (Loi) Testingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of Flame Retardants on LLDPE‐Date Pit Fiber Composites: Thermal Degradation and Tensile Properties

et al. 2020

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“…This is due to the misconception of its low thermal stability and dangerous degradation products causing the increased corrosion of processing equipment and the alleged capacity as a threat to people. The proper application of thermal stabilisers allows for the obtaining of PVC material with a very long time of thermal stability, and thus for proper processing [ 9 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Pvc Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high economic significance of PVC is the outcome not only of its low production costs but is primarily determined by its good properties, the most important of which are high chemical resistance [ 8 ] and favourable mechanical properties, as well as resistance to water and weather conditions [ 9 ]. Its good adhesive properties enable printing in, e.g., wallpaper, advertisement and floor-panel manufacturing [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Recycling

Lewandowski

Skórczewska

2022

Polymers

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Bearing in mind the aspiration of the world economy to create as complete a closed loop of raw materials and energy as possible, it is important to know the individual links in such a system and to systematise the knowledge. Polymer materials, especially poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), are considered harmful to the environment by a large part of society. The work presents a literature review on mechanical and feedstock recycling. The advantages and disadvantages of various recycling methods and their development perspectives are presented. The general characteristics of PVC are also described. In conclusion, it is stated that there are currently high recycling possibilities for PVC material and that intensive work is underway on the development of feedstock recycling. Based on the literature review, it was found that PVC certainly meets the requirements for materials involved in the circular economy.

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“…Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is a modern polymeric material and one of the most widely used plastics today 1 . Since its commercialization, it has been used in a variety of applications, including clothing, toys, tubing and piping, flooring, and medical devices 2 , 3 . Plasticizers are used to improve and adjust the mechanical properties of the material by increasing flexibility, reducing viscosity, and decreasing friction during manufacture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can occur by evaporation into the surrounding air, extraction into liquids, or migration into another polymeric material. The properties of the plasticizer, such as molecular weight, vapour pressure, polarity and compatibility with the polymer, affect its migration rate 3 . In general, the loss of low molecular weight plasticizers is greater than that of high molecular weight plasticizers 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine learning-assisted non-destructive plasticizer identification and quantification in historical PVC objects based on IR spectroscopy

Rijavec

Ribar

Markelj

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Non-destructive spectroscopic analysis combined with machine learning rapidly provides information on the identity and content of plasticizers in PVC objects of heritage value. For the first time, a large and diverse collection of more than 100 PVC objects in different degradation stages and of diverse chemical compositions was analysed by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques to create a dataset used to construct classification and regression models. Accounting for this variety makes the model more robust and reliable for the analysis of objects in museum collections. Six different machine learning classification algorithms were compared to determine the algorithm with the highest classification accuracy of the most common plasticizers, based solely on the spectroscopic data. A classification model capable of the identification of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate, diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, a mixture of diisononyl phthalate and diisodecyl phthalate, and unplasticized PVC was constructed. Additionally, regression models for quantification of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate in PVC were built. This study of real-life objects demonstrates that classification and quantification of plasticizers in a general collection of degraded PVC objects is possible, providing valuable data to collection managers.

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Principles of Stabilization

Cited by 9 publications

References 243 publications

Influence of Flame Retardants on LLDPE‐Date Pit Fiber Composites: Thermal Degradation and Tensile Properties

Influence of Flame Retardants on LLDPE‐Date Pit Fiber Composites: Thermal Degradation and Tensile Properties

A Brief Review of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Recycling

Machine learning-assisted non-destructive plasticizer identification and quantification in historical PVC objects based on IR spectroscopy

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