Principles of Simultaneous PET/MR Imaging

Catana, Ciprian

doi:10.1016/j.mric.2017.01.002

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Additional investigations will be enhanced with multiple imaging techniques including PET, MRS, PET/MRI [ 38 ], electroencephalography (EEG) [ 39 , 40 ], event-related brain potential (ERP) [ 39 , 40 , 41 ], resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), movement measurements [ 42 ], and quantitative measurements of FMRP and the FMR1 gene [ 43 ]. Further prospective studies of ASD [ 44 ] may be enhanced by including these measurement tools, neuropsychological assessments, and whole exome sequencing (WES) [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Expression of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 in Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fragile X Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Brašić

Nandi

Russell

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Multiple lines of evidence suggest that dysfunction of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) plays a role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet animal and human investigations of mGluR5 expression provide conflicting findings about the nature of dysregulation of cerebral mGluR5 pathways in subtypes of ASD. The demonstration of reduced mGluR5 expression throughout the living brains of men with fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common known single-gene cause of ASD, provides a clue to examine mGluR5 expression in ASD. We aimed to (A) compare and contrast mGluR5 expression in idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (IASD), FXS, and typical development (TD) and (B) show the value of positron emission tomography (PET) for the application of precision medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of individuals with IASD, FXS, and related conditions. Two teams of investigators independently administered 3-[18F]fluoro-5-(2-pyridinylethynyl)benzonitrile ([18F]FPEB), a novel, specific mGluR5 PET ligand to quantitatively measure the density and the distribution of mGluR5s in the brain regions, to participants of both sexes with IASD and TD and men with FXS. In contrast to participants with TD, mGluR5 expression was significantly increased in the cortical regions of participants with IASD and significantly reduced in all regions of men with FXS. These results suggest the feasibility of this protocol as a valuable tool to measure mGluR5 expression in clinical trials of individuals with IASD and FXS and related conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Expression of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 in Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fragile X Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Brašić

Nandi

Russell

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…1 ), hence combination technologies were introduced to exploit them best (‘multi-modal imaging’). For example, positron emission tomography (PET) offers best-in-class sensitivity and absolute quantification but only at millimetre resolution and was combined with modalities providing higher resolution such as computed tomography (CT) ( Basu et al, 2014 ) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ( Catana, 2017 ). How medical imaging can be used to develop biomarkers providing diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and treatment monitoring information was recently standardized ( O’Connor et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cousins at work: How combining medical with optical imaging enhances in vivo cell tracking

Volpe

Kurtys

Fruhwirth

2018

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology

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Microscopy and medical imaging are related in their exploitation of electromagnetic waves, but were developed to satisfy differing needs, namely to observe small objects or to look inside subjects/objects, respectively. Together, these techniques can help elucidate complex biological processes and better understand health and disease. A current major challenge is to delineate mechanisms governing cell migration and tissue invasion in organismal development, the immune system and in human diseases such as cancer where the spatiotemporal tracking of small cell numbers in live animal models is extremely challenging. Multi-modal multi-scale in vivo cell tracking integrates medical and optical imaging. Fuelled by basic research in cancer biology and cell-based therapeutics, it has been enabled by technological advances providing enhanced resolution, sensitivity and multiplexing capabilities. Here, we review which imaging modalities have been successfully used for in vivo cell tracking and how this challenging task has benefitted from combining macroscopic with microscopic techniques.

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“…The recently developed hybrid PET/MR scanners combined the sensitivity of PET and the resolution of MR into a single machine, which can simultaneously evaluate brain structure and glucose metabolism and show changes in small anatomical structures more clearly than a single modality [ 20 ]. Synchronous scanning can also reduce registration errors and information loss in the registration process, thus providing a representation that is closer to the real situation of brain activity than that achieved when evaluating two modalities by scanning separately [ 21 ]. Therefore, PET/MR scanners are the ideal tool to investigate the relationship between multiple imaging features and cognitive performance in AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the association between brain atrophy, hypometabolism, and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease: a PET/MRI study

Chen

Wang

Cui

et al. 2021

Aging

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Glucose metabolism reduction and brain volume losses are widely reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Considering that neuroimaging changes in the hippocampus and default mode network (DMN) are promising important candidate biomarkers and have been included in the research criteria for the diagnosis of AD, it is hypothesized that atrophy and metabolic changes of the abovementioned regions could be evaluated concurrently to fully explore the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in AD. Twenty-three AD patients and Twenty-four age-, sex- and education level-matched normal controls underwent a clinical interview, a detailed neuropsychological assessment and a simultaneous 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET)/high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan on a hybrid GE SIGNA PET/MR scanner. Brain volume and glucose metabolism were examined in patients and controls to reveal group differences. Multiple linear regression models were employed to explore the relationship between multiple imaging features and cognitive performance in AD. The AD group had significantly reduced volume in the hippocampus and DMN regions (P < 0.001) relative to that of normal controls determined by using ROI analysis. Compared to normal controls, significantly decreased metabolism in the DMN (P < 0.001) was also found in AD patients, which still survived after controlling for gray matter atrophy (P < 0.001). These findings from ROI analysis were further confirmed by whole-brain confirmatory analysis (P < 0.001, FWE-corrected). Finally, multiple linear regression results showed that impairment of multiple cognitive tasks was significantly correlated with the combination of DMN hypometabolism and atrophy in the hippocampus and DMN regions. This study demonstrated that combining functional and structural features can better explain the cognitive decline of AD patients than unimodal FDG or brain volume changes alone. These findings may have important implications for understanding the neural mechanisms of cognitive decline in AD.

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Principles of Simultaneous PET/MR Imaging

Cited by 34 publications

References 102 publications

Cerebral Expression of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 in Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fragile X Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Cerebral Expression of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 in Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fragile X Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Cousins at work: How combining medical with optical imaging enhances in vivo cell tracking

Evaluating the association between brain atrophy, hypometabolism, and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease: a PET/MRI study

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