Principles of Random Signal Analysis and Low Noise Design

Howard, Roy M.

doi:10.1002/0471439207

Cited by 46 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In this paper, Power Spectral Density (PSD) method is utilized which is generally used for characterizing random processes. It can be calculated with the help of Fourier Transform (Howard, 2002). Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFTs) of filtered EEG are calculated using Equation 1.…”

Section: Feature Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of P300 based on Artficial Bee Colony

Aytekin

Kiyan

2016

Proceedings of the 9th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies

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A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a system that allows users to communicate with their environment through cerebral activity. P300 signal, which is used widely in BCI applications, is produced as a response to a stimulus and can be measured in the parietal lobe of the brain. In this paper, an approach which is a swarm intelligence technique, called Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) together with Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) is used for the detection of P300 signals to achieve high accuracy. The system is based on the P300 evoked potential and is tested on four healthy subjects. It has two main blocks, feature extraction and classification. In the feature extraction block, Power Spectrum Density (PSD) is used whereas ABC was employed to train Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) in the classification part. This method is compared to other methods such as Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The best result that is achieved in this work is 99.8%.

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Section: Feature Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of P300 based on Artficial Bee Colony

Aytekin

Kiyan

2016

Proceedings of the 9th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies

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“…Here, X(T 0 ,x) is the Fourier transform of x(t) evaluated over the interval [0,T 0 ], 10 and R L is the resistive load. Now, using the random process I(x) from Eq.…”

Section: Derivation Of the Spectrum For A Mfc In Laser-assisted Stmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linewidth of the harmonics in a microwave frequency comb generated by focusing a mode-locked ultrafast laser on a tunneling junction

Hagmann

Stenger

Yarotski

2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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Previous analyses suggest that microwave frequency combs (MFCs) with harmonics having extremely narrow linewidths could be produced by photodetection with a mode-locked ultrafast laser. In the MFC generated by focusing a passively mode-locked ultrafast laser on a tunneling junction, 200 harmonics from 74.254 MHz to 14.85 GHz have reproducible measured linewidths approximating the 1 Hz resolution bandwidth (RBW) of the spectrum analyzer. However, in new measurements at a RBW of 0.1 Hz, the linewidths are distributed from 0.12 to 1.17 Hz. Measurements and analysis suggest that, because the laser is not stabilized, the stochastic drift in the pulse repetition rate is the cause for the distribution in measured linewidths. It appears that there are three cases in which the RBW is (1) greater than, (2) less than, or (3) comparable with the intrinsic linewidth. The measured spectra in the third class are stochastic and may show two or more peaks at a single harmonic.

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“…In that case, the modulus squared complex amplitudes jA W;j 1 ω l ; τ j 2 and jA X;j 2 ω l ; τ j 2 are identical and have to be treated as fully correlated variables (e.g., Howard, 2002). After dividing by 4π 2 τ 2 and taking limits Δφ → 0 (i.e., the number of evenly distributed far-point sources, M, tending to infinity) and τ → ∞ (with ω l → ω, jΔφ → φ), symbols Δφ P M j1 · can be formally replaced with R π π dφ·, and the following relation can be used to simplify those terms of equation (B8) proportional to δ WY δ XZ and δ WZ δ XY :…”

Section: Appendix Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Reliability of the Single Circular-Array Method for Love-Wave Ambient-Noise Surveying

García‐Jerez

Luzón

Navarro

et al. 2010

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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The single circular array (SCA) method is a spatial autocorrelation (SPAC)-like technique for ambient noise exploration. Its main feature is the possibility of calculation of Love-wave dispersion curves by using centerless circular arrays of 3-component seismometers, allowing independent processing of each circle. Situations in which Rayleigh-wave and Love-wave arrivals or waves coming from different azimuths are mutually correlated are also correctly dealt with in this method. An algorithm for practical calculation of the SCA coefficient B is described. The algorithm includes averaging over a set of time windows and minimizes the number of spectral ratios to be computed for the purposes of stability. Numerical tests show that SCA coefficients estimated in this way have quite a robust behavior. Bias due to use of a finite number of sensors, as well as to effects of nonpropagating incoherent noise, has been theoretically studied in both the deterministic and the stationary random-field formulations. Using a finite number of stations is a cause of bias even under isotropic illumination conditions. Nevertheless, its effect can be neglected for wavelengths-to-radius ratios above a threshold that depends on the number of evenly distributed sensors. By contrast, uncorrelated noise may affect the whole frequency band and is behind the limitations of the method at low frequencies.Finally, we present the first real data test of this method, consisting of a comparison between theoretical and experimental Love-wave dispersion curves for a site where the structure is known. In practice, the minimum wavelength for direct velocity retrieval for a pentagonal array with radius r was approximately λ min L ∼ 3r, although this value depends on the signal-to-noise ratio. Experiments demonstrate that the usable range can be extended, mainly toward shorter wavelengths, if the effects of noise and of the finite number of sensors are included in the analysis.

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Principles of Random Signal Analysis and Low Noise Design

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Detection of P300 based on Artficial Bee Colony

Detection of P300 based on Artficial Bee Colony

Linewidth of the harmonics in a microwave frequency comb generated by focusing a mode-locked ultrafast laser on a tunneling junction

Assessing the Reliability of the Single Circular-Array Method for Love-Wave Ambient-Noise Surveying

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