Principles of Plant Pathology

Tarr, S. A. J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-00355-6

Cited by 46 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The faecal fluid also degrades starch, chitin, xylan and esters (Martin, 1974). Maceration will destroy the plants' preinfectional physical defences (Tarr, 1972) such as the cuticle and barricade tissues, as well as overcoming the osmotic pressure and permeability effects of plant tissue, considered by Tarr to be: a major factor in the ability of a fungus to become a plant parasite. Post-infectional defences, such as phytoalexins (Cruickshank, 1963) are unlikely to be effective upon the death of plant tissue because of maceration and the proteolytic activity of the ant faeces .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of substrate preparation in the symbiosis between the leaf‐cutting ant Acromyrmex octospinosus (Reich) and its food fungus

Quinlan

Cherrett

1977

Ecological Entomology

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Abstract. 1. In laboratory nests the ants thoroughly licked leaf fragments by a rasping action of their glossa before inoculating the food fungus. The extent of this licking varied with the substrate and was influenced by the thickness of surface leaf waxes and by the chemical attractiveness of the substrate. 2. Microscopy and wettability studies showed that licking removes the wax layer present on leaves. It also removes or inhibits micro‐organisms present. 3. Chemically de‐waxed and decontaminated leaves and ant‐licked leaves proved the best substrates for artificially culturing the ant fungus. 4. The process of substrate preparation circumvents some of the normal defence mechanisms of green plants against fungal attack. The ant fungus thus utilizes nutritionally richer resources of green leaves normally available only to specialized parasitic fungi, rather than the nutritionally inferior shed leaves normally available to saprophytic fungi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of substrate preparation in the symbiosis between the leaf‐cutting ant Acromyrmex octospinosus (Reich) and its food fungus

Quinlan

Cherrett

1977

Ecological Entomology

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“…There is thus a need to broaden the traditional definition of plant health, from the study of specific pathosystems in controlled conditions to broad and interconnected issues at the landscape and species distributional range level (e.g. Gäumann, 1948; Tarr, 1972; Robinson, 1976; Zadoks & Schein, 1979; Geils, 1992; Ferguson, 1994; Tainter & Baker, 1996; Holdenrieder et al , 2004; Madden, Hughes & Van den Bosch, 2007; Money, 2007; Ostry & Laflamme, 2009; Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant health and global change – some implications for landscape management

et al. 2010

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Global change (climate change together with other worldwide anthropogenic processes such as increasing trade, air pollution and urbanization) will affect plant health at the genetic, individual, population and landscape level. Direct effects include ecosystem stress due to natural resources shortage or imbalance. Indirect effects include (i) an increased frequency of natural detrimental phenomena, (ii) an increased pressure due to already present pests and diseases, (iii) the introduction of new invasive species either as a result of an improved suitability of the climatic conditions or as a result of increased trade, and (iv) the human response to global change. In this review, we provide an overview of recent studies on terrestrial plant health in the presence of global change factors. We summarize the links between climate change and some key issues in plant health, including tree mortality, changes in wildfire regimes, biological invasions and the role of genetic diversity for ecosystem resilience. Prediction and management of global change effects are complicated by interactions between globalization, climate and invasive plants and/or pathogens. We summarize practical guidelines for landscape management and draw general conclusions from an expanding body of literature.

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“…However, this fungicide is known to be phytotoxic on several kinds of plants (Tarr 1972 (Richardson 1972;Saur and Schiinbeck 1975 However, Shishiyama et al (1965) (Tekauz 1975 …”

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confidence: 99%

Efficacies of Fungicides in Controlling Spot Blotch of Barley

Couture¹,

Sutton²

1978

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Efficacies of 12 fungicides in inhibiting growth of Bipolaris sorokiniana on potato dextrose agar and development of spot blotch symptoms in barley leaf segments inoculated with B. sorokiniana were examined. Efficacies in growth inhibition were high (EC95, 2–40 ppm) for RH-2161, fentin hydroxide, thiram, and carbathiin; intermediate (EC95, 250–500 ppm) for triadimefon, anilazine, captafol, and dodine; and low (EC95, [Formula: see text]) for captan, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, and metiram. In symptom inhibition assays, RH-2161 was extremely effective (EC95, 70 ppm), and anilazine, chlorothalonil, fentin hydroxide, mancozeb, triadimefon, and captafol were highly effective (EC95, 150–300 ppm). Efficacies of foliar applications of six fungicides in controlling spot blotch and promoting yield of barley in the field were also examined. Triadimefon, RH-2161, and fentin hydroxide were applied at 0.25 kg a.i./ha and chlorothalonil, anilazine, and mancozeb at 2 kg a.i. ha−1 at barley growth stages 8, 10.1, and 10.4 (Feekes’ scale). Disease severity was significantly reduced in barley treated with mancozeb, RH-2161, chlorothalonil, fentin hydroxide, triadimefon, and anilazine by 63, 68, 68, 77, 82, and 88%, respectively, compared to checks. All fungicides except chlorothalonil significantly increased 1,000-kernel weights of treated plants in the range of 11–15%. Anilazine, triadimefon, and RH-2161 performed better than other fungicides evaluated in the field.

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Principles of Plant Pathology

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

The role of substrate preparation in the symbiosis between the leaf‐cutting ant Acromyrmex octospinosus (Reich) and its food fungus

The role of substrate preparation in the symbiosis between the leaf‐cutting ant Acromyrmex octospinosus (Reich) and its food fungus

Plant health and global change – some implications for landscape management

Efficacies of Fungicides in Controlling Spot Blotch of Barley

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