Principles of micro-RNA production and maturation

Zeng, Yan

doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209908

Cited by 240 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…They constitute a recently emerging class of endogenous negative regulators of gene expression which possess a noteworthy evolutionary conservation (2,3). miRNA products are singlestranded RNAs of 19-22 nucleotides cleaved from 70-and 100-nucleotide hairpin pre-miRNA precursors (1,4). miRNAs are thought to modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression levels of microRNA-375 in pancreatic cancer

Song

Zhou

et al. 2013

Biomedical Reports

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Abstract. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs of endogenous origin that have been increasingly shown to have altered expressions in various cancer types. The expression levels of miR-375 have not been comprehensively investigated in pancreatic cancer. In this study, total RNA was extracted from 44 pairs of pancreatic cancer tissues and non-tumor adjacent tissues, as well as from four pancreatic cancer cell lines, Panc-1, SW1990, BxpC3 and Patu8988. Following polyadenylation and reverse transcription, the expression levels of miR-375 were determined by real-time PCR and the difference in expression was calculated using the 2 -∆∆Ct method. The correlation between the expression levels of miR-375 and clinicopathological characteristics of pancreatic cancer was also assessed. miR-375 expression was frequently downregulated in the pancreatic cancer tissues compared to their non-tumor counterparts (P<0.05; paired t-test). Moreover, a significantly low expression of miR-375 was found in the pancreatic cancer cell lines (Panc-1, P=0.016; SW1990, P=0.016; BxPC3, P=0.018; Patu8988, P=0.017; paired t-test). However, no significant correlations were observed between the low expression of miR-375 and parameters including gender, age, tumor size, tumor location and histological grade (P>0.05). The low expression of miR-375 was correlated with pT stage, lymph node metastases and pTNM stage (P<0.05) (non-parametric test; Mann-Whitney U test between 2 groups and Kruskal-Wallis H test for ≥3 groups). In conclusion, miR-375 is potentially involved in the carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancers and serves as is a potential biomarker for pancreatic cancer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression levels of microRNA-375 in pancreatic cancer

Song

Zhou

et al. 2013

Biomedical Reports

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“…Many miRNAs are paralogous (i.e., similar to one another and possibly derived from gene duplication). The transcription and downstream processing of miRNAs is complex and beyond the scope of this review [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Briefly, miRNAs are transcribed from intergenic regions, from introns, or more infrequently from within exons of known protein-coding genes [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energizing miRNA research: A review of the role of miRNAs in lipid metabolism, with a prediction that miR-103/107 regulates human metabolic pathways

Wilfred

Wang

Nelson

2007

Molecular Genetics and Metabolism

299

239

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are powerful regulators of gene expression. Although first discovered in worm larvae, miRNAs play fundamental biological roles-including in humans-well beyond development. MiRNAs participate in the regulation of metabolism (including lipid metabolism) for all animal species studied. A review of the fascinating and fast-growing literature on miRNA regulation of metabolism can be parsed into three main categories: 1. Adipocyte biochemistry and cell fate determination; 2. Regulation of metabolic biochemistry in invertebrates; and 3. Regulation of metabolic biochemistry in mammals. Most research into the 'function' of a given miRNA in metabolic pathways has concentrated on a given miRNA acting upon a particular 'target' mRNA. Whereas in some biological contexts the effects of a given miRNA:mRNA pair may predominate, this might not be the case generally. In order to provide an example of how a single miRNA could regulate multiple 'target' mRNAs or even entire human metabolic pathways, we include a discussion of metabolic pathways that are predicted to be regulated by the miRNA paralogs, miR-103 and miR-107. These miRNAs, which exist in vertebrate genomes within introns of the pantothenate kinase (PANK) genes, are predicted by bioinformatics to affect multiple mRNA targets in pathways that involve cellular Acetyl-CoA and lipid levels. Significantly, PANK enzymes also affect these pathways, so the miRNA and 'host' gene may act synergistically. These predictions require experimental verification. In conclusion, a review of the literature on miRNA regulation of metabolism leads us believe that the future will provide researchers with many additional energizing revelations.

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“…In this complex, one strand is retained as the mature miRNA, whereas the other strand is generally degraded. This complex is now capable of regulating its target genes (3,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%