“…In mature neurons, the activation of GlyR leads to a fast increase in the passive diffusion of anions, mainly chloride ions, into the neurons, resulting in membrane hyperpolarization and reduction in neuronal excitability (Lester et al, 2004;Miller and Smart, 2010;Zeilhofer et al, 2012). It is well accepted that inhibitory GlyR function is critical for the control of several physiologic processes, namely muscle tone, motor coordination, sensory processing, respiratory rhythms, and pain (Lynch, 2009;Callister and Graham, 2010;Zeilhofer et al, 2012;Alvarez et al, 2013). In addition, the critical role of GlyR inhibition in normal physiology is further highlighted by genetic studies in humans that have linked mutations in GlyR genes with hyperekplexia (Harvey et al, 2008).…”