Principles of frugal innovation and its application by social entrepreneurs in times of adversity: an inductive single-case approach

Abstract

Purpose This study aims to focus on implementing frugal innovation and its principles by social entrepreneurs to face the challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research paper discusses the case of an Indian social entrepreneur who works for menstrual health and hygiene of unprivileged and rural women in India. The social entrepreneur’s constant endeavor is to create an ecosystem to ensure rural women’s economic and social upliftment through financial inclusion and livelihood training. When faced with the COVID-19 pandemic, the social entrepreneur re-purposed the manufacturing process to produce masks that were the need of the hour. Design/methodology/approach The research paper is qualitative and follows an inductive case study approach. The underlying principles of frugal innovation are established through content analysis of the social entrepreneur’s interviews and her team members. Findings The study discusses how adversity can be an opportunity for social entrepreneurs by implementing frugal innovation principles, i.e. re-use, re-purpose, re-combine and rapidity, in times of crisis. Research limitations/implications One of the major limitations of this study is that it is based on a single case study, as, in the current scenario, this case appeared to be the most suitable one. There is no way to generalize the assumptions of this model. Researchers will have to study the phenomena of frugal innovation in adversity across multiple cases in the future. Also, the study is based on a single emerging economy, i.e. India. Further research may be carried out with such cases from other countries. Practical implications The proposition of this research paper will help new and established social entrepreneurs understand that the four principles of frugal innovation and their practical application by a social entrepreneur. This will act as a guiding light for the present and future entrepreneurs regarding how one can respond to a crisis. This will also help advance our understanding of the distinct ways in which social entrepreneurs’ activities can help society in times of crisis. The findings of this research paper provide timely implications for social entrepreneurs. To respond efficiently to various crises, it is important to consider its effect on social entrepreneurship. Social implications The research paper shows that the social enterprise has implemented frugal innovation principles to manufacture the COVID-19 protection items supplied through existing supply chain networks. Also, a social entrepreneur is not intimidated by the sudden changes in the business environment; instead, they look at the situation as an opportunity to do something new. They are always willing to take the risk to innovate a solution that will address people’s problems. frugal innovation, due to its highly collaborative nature and its ability to make the most from limited resources, is the only way social entrepreneurs can create an inclusive, secure and sustainable future. Originality/value There are several challenges in social entrepreneurship, especially in emerging economies like India. During the pandemic, availability of resources was the major challenge, due to which social entrepreneurs had to find solutions through frugal innovation. This paper provides the practical application of the four principles of frugal innovation implemented by a social enterprise to manufacture and supply Covid protection items. It also presents the practical and managerial implications of the principles of frugal innovation by social entrepreneurs in low resource settings.

Rural Entrepreneurship: An Analysis of Current and Emerging Issues from the Sustainable Livelihood Framework

“…Comprises household assets and resources such as money, savings, loans, and property (Scoones 1998;Serna et al 2015;Kumar et al 2019) Lack of finance for rural entrepreneurship (Chidanand et al 2021;Lusambili et al 2021;Mishra 2021)…”

“…Refers to the ability of entrepreneurs to overcome difficult situations such as economic crises (Chipfupa and Wale 2018) Lack of skills or entrepreneurial mindset to recover from adversity (Ekanem et al 2021;Mishra 2021;Lusambili et al 2021) According to Andreu and Fernández (2019), there is a need for a better analysis of sustainable livelihoods from a multidimensional and interactive perspective. Thus, a dynamic approach is required in which all capitals can be considered from multiple levels (Bawa et al 2007).…”

“…As such, rural entrepreneurship plays a critical role in alleviating extreme poverty (Sutter et al 2019) and reducing inequalities in rural areas where institutions are weak (Díaz et al 2019;Bawa et al 2007). Furthermore, it helps create an inclusive and sustainable future, especially in emerging economies (Mishra 2021;Mishra et al 2020). In short, rural entrepreneurship has the potential for rural entrepreneurs/enterprises to create value for the community and create more resilient localities (Pato and Teixeira 2016).…”

Industry 4.0 and Smart Data as Enablers of the Circular Economy in Manufacturing: Product Re-Engineering with Circular Eco-Design

“…This research was conducted with the methodological approach of the single in-depth case study [50] considered appropriate to draw inductive inferences to gain a better understanding of the re-engineering potential phenomenon [51]. Moreover, this methodological approach is the one most widely employed in the literature in studies related to the operating environment of Industry 4.0 [52][53][54][55][56][57].…”

Design Thinking and Bricolage for Frugal Innovations during Crisis

“…The current case study is an example of one such social entrepreneur and their frugal innovation, which has helped people in backward areas to follow safety norms during the pandemic. It also influences the socio-economic development of the backward regions due to the democratizing effects of frugal innovation (Mishra, 2021). The people living in these regions generally constitute the 'Bottom of the Pyramid'.…”