Principles of fluoride toxicity and the cellular response: a review

Johnston, Nichole R.; Strobel, Scott A.

doi:10.1007/s00204-020-02687-5

Cited by 192 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 227 publications

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“…Fluorosis is prevalent in many developing Asian and African countries in the form of “linked disorders” as fluoride being a reactive ion and an oxidizing agent acts as an enzyme inhibitor, hormone disruptor, and neurotoxin. [ 11 12 13 14 15 ] Because of more than 90% bioavailability, the consumption of excess of fluoride through drinking water is one of the main causes of fluorosis. [ 16 17 ] We examined a group of 600 pregnant women of reproductive age group from lower socioeconomic strata who were regularly exposed to fluoride by means of drinking water with the aim of detecting the early adverse pregnancy outcomes comprising abortions, IUDs, and congenital abnormalities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of fluoride levels during pregnancy and its association with early adverse pregnancy outcomes

Goyal

Bakshi

Arora

et al. 2020

J Family Med Prim Care

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Background and Aim: There is sparse data available on human subjects regarding the affect of excessive fluoride exposures on pregnancy. The aim of this study was to examine the association between elevated urinary fluoride levels during early pregnancy and maternal anemia and adverse fetal outcome. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 600 pregnant patients with gestational age less than 20 weeks and with a high urinary fluoride levels(>1 mg/L).We also documented the fluoride levels in the tap water and ground water samples collected from the areas where these women resided during pregnancy. These patients were also evaluated for hemoglobin levels and detailed fetal examination by ultrasound. Data was assessed by SSPS version 16.0 software and P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Urinary fluoride averaged 2.65 mg/L and ranged from 1.0 to 4.3 mg/L while all the water samples revealed fluoride levels greater than WHO prescribed the limit of 1.5 mg/L. A total of 402 patients (67%) were found to be anemic with hemoglobin levels ranging from 6.2 to 11.9 g/dl (9.28 ± 1.29). Eighty one patients (13.5%) had adverse fetal outcomes that comprised abortions, congenital abnormalities, and intrauterine deaths (IUDs). There was a negative correlation between urinary fluoride and hemoglobin levels ( P = 0.031, r= -0.59) and females with elevated urinary fluoride levels were found to have a strong association with the pregnancy complications, i.e., anemia, miscarriage, abortion, and still birth (χ 2 = 9.23, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Excess fluoride exposures can have deleterious effects on the expecting mother and fetus and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of fluoride levels during pregnancy and its association with early adverse pregnancy outcomes

Goyal

Bakshi

Arora

et al. 2020

J Family Med Prim Care

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“…In light of this review, promising cytotoxic activities of some analogs against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) is expected to stimulate extensive evaluation of their effects on lung cancer (A-549), liver cancer (HepG-2), and brain cancer (HeLa) cell lines (Lv et al, 2016;Lehmann et al, 2017;Turkan et al, 2018;McKenzie et al, 2019;Bennani et al, 2020;Masaret, 2021). As a life-threatening health issue and one of the most lethal diseases known, cancer can be managed by targeting gene expression, certain protein synthesis, functions of organelles, pH, and electrolytes (Johnston and Strobel, 2020). For instance, the cytotoxic hypothesis appears to favor exposure to halogenated analogs capable of increasing halogen influx.…”

Section: Final Considerations and Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Heterocyclic Compounds: Pharmacology of Pyrazole Analogs From Rational Structural Considerations

et al. 2021

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Low quality of life and life-threatening conditions often demand pharmacological screening of lead compounds. A spectrum of pharmacological activities has been attributed to pyrazole analogs. The substitution, replacement, or removal of functional groups on a pyrazole ring appears consistent with diverse molecular interactions, efficacy, and potency of these analogs. This mini-review explores cytotoxic, cytoprotective, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant activities of some pyrazole analogs to advance structure-related pharmacological profiles and rational design of new analogs. Numerous interactions of these derivatives at their targets could impact future research considerations and prospects while offering opportunities for optimizing therapeutic activity with fewer adverse effects.

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“…Indeed, fluoride exposure in early stages of life, mostly for preventing dental caries, is believed to be linked with an higher risk of future development of several diseases, including hypothyroidism and impaired intellective quotient [127]. Moreover, the exposure to fluoride concentration at 100 ppm (mg/L) in experimental conditions were associated with apoptosis, organelle damage and oxidative stress resulting in neurodegeneration, endocrine dysfunction and diabetes mellitus [128]. Due to anthropogenic and industrial activities, a great number of pollutant entry in water systems leading to possible concerns for wildlife and human health.…”

Section: Overview On Other Halogenate Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interference on Iodine Uptake and Human Thyroid Function by Perchlorate-Contaminated Water and Food

et al. 2020

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Background: Perchlorate-induced natrium-iodide symporter (NIS) interference is a well-recognized thyroid disrupting mechanism. It is unclear, however, whether a chronic low-dose exposure to perchlorate delivered by food and drinks may cause thyroid dysfunction in the long term. Thus, the aim of this review was to overview and summarize literature results in order to clarify this issue. Methods: Authors searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, institutional websites and Google until April 2020 for relevant information about the fundamental mechanism of the thyroid NIS interference induced by orally consumed perchlorate compounds and its clinical consequences. Results: Food and drinking water should be considered relevant sources of perchlorate. Despite some controversies, cross-sectional studies demonstrated that perchlorate exposure affects thyroid hormone synthesis in infants, adolescents and adults, particularly in the case of underlying thyroid diseases and iodine insufficiency. An exaggerated exposure to perchlorate during pregnancy leads to a worse neurocognitive and behavioral development outcome in infants, regardless of maternal thyroid hormone levels. Discussion and conclusion: The effects of a chronic low-dose perchlorate exposure on thyroid homeostasis remain still unclear, leading to concerns especially for highly sensitive patients. Specific studies are needed to clarify this issue, aiming to better define strategies of detection and prevention.

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Principles of fluoride toxicity and the cellular response: a review

Cited by 192 publications

References 227 publications

Assessment of fluoride levels during pregnancy and its association with early adverse pregnancy outcomes

Assessment of fluoride levels during pregnancy and its association with early adverse pregnancy outcomes

Heterocyclic Compounds: Pharmacology of Pyrazole Analogs From Rational Structural Considerations

Interference on Iodine Uptake and Human Thyroid Function by Perchlorate-Contaminated Water and Food

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