Principles of extinction learning of nonaversive experience

Abstract

This review outlines behavioral and neurobiological aspects of extinction learning, with a focus on nonaversive experience. The extinction of acquired behavior is crucial for readaptation to our environment and plays a central role in therapeutic interventions. However, behavior that has been extinguished can reappear owing to context changes. In the first part of the article, we examine experimental strategies aimed at reducing behavioral recovery after extinction of nonaversive experience, focusing on extinction learning in multiple contexts, reminder cues, and the informational value of contexts. In the second part, we report findings from human imaging studies and studies with rodents on the neural correlates of extinction and response recovery in nonaversive learning, with a focus on ventromedial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and neurotransmitter systems.

A Revised Framework for the Investigation of Expectation Update Versus Maintenance in the Context of Expectation Violations: The ViolEx 2.0 Model

“…Third, the model does not address explicitly the processes involved in the generalization from situation-specific expectation violations to generalized expectations ( Huff and LaBar, 2010 ; Niv, 2019 ; Uengoer et al, 2020a ). It is plausible to assume that relationships between generalized and specific expectations are more complex than currently modeled.…”

IntelliR: A comprehensive and standardized pipeline for automated profiling of higher cognition in mice

“…To evaluate how well mice learn a particular time association in tasks with a temporal component, IntelliR provides a time error. Furthermore, sequential testing of mice in different cognitive tasks requires mice not only to learn the new rule but also not to follow the previous rules (52,53). To appraise the ability of mice for behavioral extinction, IntelliR provides challenge error and direction error, that indicate how often a mouse follows the rules of the preceding task.…”

A revised framework for the investigation of expectation update versus maintenance in the context of expectation violations: the ViolEx 2.0 model

“…It needs to be debated and empirically tested whether modelling a direct influence from expectation violations on future anticipatory reactions is needed to describe and explain psychological and behavioural phenomena not captured by the current model. Third, the model does not address explicitly the processes involved in the generalization from situationspecific expectation violations to generalized expectations (Huff & LaBar, 2010;Niv, 2019;Uengoer, Lissek, et al, 2020). It is plausible to assume that relationships between generalized and specific expectations are more complex than currently modelled.…”