Principles of cancer treatment by radiotherapy

Owadally, Waheeda; Staffurth, John

doi:10.1016/j.mpsur.2014.12.008

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Treatment of cancer includes different modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and hormone therapy [1][2][3]. Among these modalities radiotherapy is used to treat cancer in more than 50% of cases and approximately 40% of patients survive by taking radiotherapy treatment [4,5]. External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) (photons/electrons/protons), implanted radioisotopes (brachytherapy) and injected radioisotopes are the main methods to deliver radiation therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EBRT with photons and electrons is the most common type of radiotherapy. Most types of external beam radiation therapy use a linear accelerator (Linac) machine to speed up the particles and deliver them to cancer cells [3,4]. In Linac, high energetic accelerated electrons are directed towards high Z target and converted to bremsstrahlung photons which are used in cancer treatment [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurements of photoneutron dose rate for 15 MV photon beam from medical linear accelerator using neutron survey meter

Musfika,

Jamil,

Siddiqua

et al. 2023

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High-energy medical linear accelerators (>10MV) are increasingly used in the medical field to treat cancer patients depending on the treatment organ and patient physic. Medical linear accelerators (Linacs) operating above 10 MV photon beam produce unwanted neutrons (photoneutron) by means of photonuclear reaction (γ, n) between bremsstrahlung photon beams and constituent materials of Linac head. This study involved the measurement of the neutron dose rate from photon beam of medical linear accelerator (Elekta Synergy) operated at 15 MV photon. For the measurement of dose rate, a neutron survey meter LB 6411 probe was used. Neutron dose rate was obtained as a function of delivered dose, field size and detector position. In the study neutron dose rate was found 13.14 mSv/h at a field size of 10 × 10 cm2 at position (0,90,0) cm for 350 cGy and 9.26 mSv/h at 5 × 5 cm2 field size at position (0,80,0) cm for 200 cGy photon dose delivery. The dose rate varied with respect to detector position in an irregular manner; 2.95 mSv/h at position (-100,0,0) cm -on the side of maze entrance and 4.85 mSv/h at position (100,0,0) cm -off side of maze entrance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of photoneutron dose rate for 15 MV photon beam from medical linear accelerator using neutron survey meter

Musfika,

Jamil,

Siddiqua

et al. 2023

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“…Radiation therapy is the main clinical method of treating various cancers [30]. It can be seen as a trade-off between sending maximum dose to the target-volume (TV) and minimum dose to the OARs [1,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multiscale-Based Adjustable Convolutional Neural Network for Multiple Organ Segmentation

Tian

Song

Zhang

et al. 2020

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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Accurate segmentation ofs organs-at-risk (OARs) in computed tomography (CT) is the key to planning treatment in radiation therapy (RT). Manually delineating OARs over hundreds of images of a typical CT scan can be time-consuming and error-prone. Deep convolutional neural networks with specific structures like U-Net have been proven effective for medical image segmentation. In this work, we propose an end-to-end deep neural network for multiorgan segmentation with higher accuracy and lower complexity. Compared with several state-of-the-art methods, the proposed accuracy-complexity adjustment module (ACAM) can increase segmentation accuracy and reduce the model complexity and memory usage simultaneously. An attention-based multiscale aggregation module (MAM) is also proposed for further improvement. Experiment results on chest CT datasets show that the proposed network achieves competitive Dice similarity coefficient results with fewer float-point operations (FLOPs) for multiple organs, which outperforms several state-of-the-art methods.

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“…The radiation therapy techniques have been evolved in recent years and new methods have been developed. However, all of these techniques aim at concentrating on the absorbed dose in a specific tissue and preventing the healthy, and specifically the sensitive, organs from exposure to radiation 2 . Despite modern and advanced radiation therapy techniques, the control and treatment of benign tumours continue to be a major challenge in cancer treatment, necessitating the improvement of therapeutic techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, all of these techniques aim at concentrating on the absorbed dose in a specific tissue and preventing the healthy, and specifically the sensitive, organs from exposure to radiation. 2 Despite modern and advanced radiation therapy techniques, the control and treatment of benign tumours continue to be a major challenge in cancer treatment, necessitating the improvement of therapeutic techniques. In this regard, the introduction of new types of ionising beams is a promising achievement in the field of radiation therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of GATE Monte Carlo code for simulation of proton therapy using National Institute of Standards and Technology library data

et al. 2018

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AimTo validate the Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) Monte Carlo simulation code by calculating the proton beam range in the therapeutic energy range.Materials and methodsIn this study, the GATE code which is based on Geant4 was used for simulation. The proton beams in the therapeutic energy range (5–250 MeV) were simulated in a water medium, and then compared with the data from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in order to investigate the accuracy of different physics list available in the GATE code. In addition, the optimal value of SetCut was assessed.ResultsIn all energy ranges, the QBBC physics had a greater deviation in the ranges relative to the NIST data. With respect to the range calculation accuracy, the QGSP_BIC_EMY and QGSP_BERT_HP_EMY physics were in the range of statistical uncertainty; however, QGSP_BIC_EMY produced better results using the least squares. Based on an investigation into the range calculation precision and simulation efficiency, the optimal SetCut was set at 0·1 mm.FindingsBased on an investigation into the range calculation precision and simulation yield, the QGSP_BIC_EMY physics and the optimal SetCut was recommended to be 0·1 mm.

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Principles of cancer treatment by radiotherapy

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Measurements of photoneutron dose rate for 15 MV photon beam from medical linear accelerator using neutron survey meter

Measurements of photoneutron dose rate for 15 MV photon beam from medical linear accelerator using neutron survey meter

A Multiscale-Based Adjustable Convolutional Neural Network for Multiple Organ Segmentation

Validation of GATE Monte Carlo code for simulation of proton therapy using National Institute of Standards and Technology library data

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