Principles of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis

James, Stuart H.; Kish, Paul E.; Sutton, T. Paulette

doi:10.1201/9781420039467

Cited by 172 publications

(226 citation statements)

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“…Viscosity is typically presented as a measure of the resistance of a fluid to a change of shape or flow [5]. The viscosity of blood at body temperature is reported as approximately four times larger than that of water [5]; the viscosity of blood decreases with increasing temperature [5] and increases with increasing hematocrit [6].…”

Section: Description In the Bpa Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viscosity of blood at body temperature is reported as approximately four times larger than that of water [5]; the viscosity of blood decreases with increasing temperature [5] and increases with increasing hematocrit [6]. Blood is also described as non-Newtonian fluid, i.e.…”

Section: Description In the Bpa Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood is also described as non-Newtonian fluid, i.e. a fluid with a viscosity that varies with the flow conditions [5].…”

Section: Description In the Bpa Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a summary, the use of dimensionless numbers helps to indicates the most probable mechanism of their generation [5]. These terms, with several other commonly used in BPA, are defined in routinely generated and studied in the workshops educating the BPA examiners.…”

Section: Physical Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, section 2 describes the physical forces driving the dynamics -the motion and its causes-of blood as a fluid. Then, the formation of bloodstains is described as a deterministic sequence of events, in separate sections on (3) drop generation, (4) drop trajectories, (5) drop impact, and (6) stain formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Fluid dynamics topics in bloodstain pattern analysis: Comparative review and research opportunities

Attinger

Moore

Donaldson

et al. 2013

Forensic Science International

154

139

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This comparative review highlights the relationships between the disciplines of bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) in forensics and that of fluid dynamics (FD) in the physical sciences. In both the BPA and FD communities, scientists study the motion and phase change of a liquid in contact with air, or with other liquids or solids. Five aspects of BPA related to FD are discussed: the physical forces driving the motion of blood as a fluid; the generation of the drops; their flight in the air; their impact on solid or liquid surfaces; and the production of stains. For each of these topics, the relevant literature from the BPA community and from the FD community is reviewed. Comments are provided on opportunities for joint BPA and FD research, and on the development of novel FD-based tools and methods for BPA. Also, the use of dimensionless numbers is proposed to inform BPA analyses. Keywordsbloodstain pattern analysis, review, dimensionless number, drop generation, trajectory, impact, stain Disciplines Laboratory and Basic Science Research | Other Mechanical EngineeringComments NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Forensic Science International. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Forensic Science International, [231, 1-3, (2013) Abstract: This comparative review highlights the relationships between the disciplines of bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) in forensics and that of fluid dynamics (FD) in the physical sciences. In both the BPA and FD communities, scientists study the motion and phase change of a liquid in contact with air, or with other liquids or solids. Five aspects of BPA related to FD are discussed: the physical forces driving the motion of blood as a fluid; the generation of the drops; their flight in the air; their impact on solid or liquid surfaces; and the production of stains. For each of these topics, the relevant literature from the BPA community and from the FD community is reviewed. Comments are provided on opportunities for joint BPA and FD research, and on the development of novel FD-based tools and methods for BPA. Also, the use of dimensionless numbers is proposed to inform BPA analyses.

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