Principles of anaesthesia for term neonates: an updated practical guide

Anesthetic Management of the Newborn Surgical Patient

“…Agent choice is commonly based upon the following drug properties: speed of onset, duration of action, cardiovascular stability, and side-effect profile [34].…”

Reducing the risk in neonatal anesthesia

“…Any of the various surgical specialties may be implicated, both for elective and emergency operations . With a systemic approach to the emergencies, these would include some of the following: Abdominal: General nonsubspecialty surgery : Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), intestinal atresias, bowel obstruction, bowel perforations, strangulated inguinal hernia, malrotation or midgut volvulus, trachea‐esophageal fistula or esophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, anorectal anomalies, omphalocoele, and gastroschisis. Airway: Ear nose and throat (ENT) : choanal atresia, an obstructed airway (congenital or acquired), vocal cord palsy, foreign body, and masses, for example cystic hygroma. Cardiac: open heart surgery (e.g., obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage), placement of a systemic to pulmonary shunt, and coarctation of the aorta. Neurosurgery : myelomeningocele, congenital hydrocephalus, and tumors. Urological: extrophy of the bladder, pelviureteric junction obstruction with hydronephrosis, cloaca. …”

“…Any of the various surgical specialties may be implicated, both for elective and emergency operations (19).…”

“…Small size, immature organ systems, congenital anomalies, fragility with handling, increased oxygen, and glucose requirements each contribute to high‐risk anesthesia. Definitions are covered in a number of texts (Table ). Regardless of the gestational age, a neonate is defined as a baby in the first 28 days of life .…”

“…Definitions are covered in a number of texts (Table ). Regardless of the gestational age, a neonate is defined as a baby in the first 28 days of life .…”