Principles Governing Fuel Economy in a Gasoline Engine

Blackmore, D. R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-03418-5_2

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…A zirconia solidelectrolyte cell is readily operated as an oxygen pumping cell (10,11). The overall electrochemical reaction of the oxygen pumping cell is given by 02 + 4e-+ 2 V,, ~-2 O,~ [1] where V,; and Oo represent an ox~ygen vacancy and a normal oxygen ion in the zirconia electrolyte, respectively (12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Principle and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the overall reaction rate in Eq. [1] is determined by oxygen transport from the ambient gas to the reaction site at which oxygen reacts with the oxygen vacancy, current limitation will occur in the current voltage characteristics of the pumping cell. In zirconia electrolyte cells without intentional diffusion barriers added, the relationship between limiting current, I~, and oxygen partial pressure, Po._,, is observed as IL ~ Po~ ~/~, or as I~ ~ Po._,, depending on the electrode material and morphology of the cells (12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Principle and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, J = Jo~. Boundary conditions are, at x = 0, C. 2 = Co2(0), and, at x -l, C() 2 = C()2(I), where l is the length of the diffusion hole, and C..2(0) and C.~ (1) are the oxygen concentrations in ambient gas and at the cathode, respectively. A steady-state solution for the limiting current, Ii, of this sensor is obtained by using Il = 4FJo2 and integrating Eq.…”

Section: Jo2=-do2 S DX Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-vR, -ve -(f,K~ + f2V~.) [1] The factorfi accounts for expenses such as dePreciation, taxes, insurance, maintenance, and financing as a frac-…”

Section: The Economic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a lean combustion system, an air/fuel mixture in which there is more than enough air to burn the fuel is supplied to the engine, and the contents of carbon dioxide and water vapor in the combustion gas of this system become lower than for conventional combustion engines. Accordingly, the fuel efficiency of the lean combustion system will be improved (1)(2)(3).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Limiting Current‐Type Oxygen Sensor

Saji

1987

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Characteristics of oxygen sensors based on limiting current behavior of zirconia pumping cells have been investigated. To limit oxygen transport from ambient gas to the cathodes of the zirconia pumping cells, a drilled cover and a porous layer were examined. For the sensor with a diffusion hole of the drilled cover, the limiting current showed a considerable nonlinearity to oxygen concentration in a high oxygen concentration and a temperature dependence as T "~ in oxygen-nitrogen mixtures. This behavior is in good agreement withthat expected from a model in which the oxygen transport rate is limited by the diffusion hole. For the sensor with the porous layer, the sensor output indicated a weak temperature dependence and good linearity to oxygen concentration compared with the former sensor. These characteristics can be explained by taking into account the fact that the oxygen diffusion in the porous layer involves both the Knudsen and ordinary molecular diffusion mechanisms.Social demands for research to improve fuel efficiency and reduce the amount of pollutant exhaust emissions of automobiles are increasing. To achieve both objectives simultaneously--the improvement of fuel efficiency and the reduction of the exhaust emissions--it is well known that the employment of fuel:lean combustion is quite effective in an internal combustion engine. For the internal combustion engine, the fuel efficiency becomes higher as the magnitude of specific heat ratio, C,,/Cv, of the combustion gas in the engine cylinders is larger, where C,, and C,. are the specific heat at constant pressure and volume, respectively. The ratio CJC, for air is about

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