Principles for Sustainable Governance of the Oceans

Costanza, Robert; Andrade, Francisco; Antunes, Paula; Belt, Marjan van den; Boersma, Dee; Boesch, Donald F.; Catarino, Fernando; Hanna, Sherman D.; Limburg, Karin E.; Low, Bobbi S.; Molitor, Michael; Pereira, João; Rayner, Steve; Wilson, James A.; Young, Michael D.

doi:10.1126/science.281.5374.198

Cited by 258 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In light of the importance accorded to enforcement, especially local enforcement (18,25), our research uses a sample of 152 cases from 9 countries to study its relationship with changes in the condition of forest commons. Our analysis examines local enforcement in conjunction with 4 other factors also viewed as being central to the sustainable governance of forest commons: size of forests, collective action around forests (with a focus on improvement activities), user group size, and dependence on forests.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest commons and local enforcement

Chhatre

Agrawal

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

292

163

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This article examines the relationship between local enforcement and forests used as commons. It uses a unique multicountry dataset, created over the past 15 years by the International Forestry Resources and Institutions Research Program. Drawing on original enforcement and forest commons data from 9 countries, we find that higher levels of local enforcement have a strong and positive but complex relationship to the probability of forest regeneration. This relationship holds even when the influence of a number of other factors such as user group size, subsistence, and commercial importance of forests, size of forest, and collective action for forest improvement activities is taken into account. Although several of the above factors have a statistically significant relationship to changes in the condition of forest commons, differences in levels of local enforcement strongly moderate their link with forest commons outcomes. The research, using data from diverse political, social, and ecological contexts, shows both the importance of enforcement to forest commons and some of the limits of forest governance through commons arrangements.governance ͉ sustainability ͉ collective action ͉ local institutions ͉ forest regeneration

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest commons and local enforcement

Chhatre

Agrawal

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

292

163

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“…We recognise and emphasise that these have many uses and users, sectorial interests, management and governance regimes (Costanza et al, 1998(Costanza et al, , 1999McLusky and Elliott, 2004). For instance, in the restoration, management or sustainable use of a specific ecosystem how can we decide the best possible course of management in a multitude of driving forces which may be conflicting?…”

Section: Ecological Sustainability and Sustainable Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, possible solutions to environmental problems must always be approached taking into account various viewpoints, expressing the different perceptions of multiple sectors, uses and users, often conflicting (Costanza et al, 1998(Costanza et al, , 1999. The intrinsic uncertainty involved has often been addressed through economic scenarios (e.g.…”

Section: Building Management Scenarios Towards Ecological Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In building management scenarios, the number of variables that must be taken into account is extremely high and the uncertainties regarding their relationships and trends may also be high. In fact, the core problem is the sustainability of interactions between economic and ecological systems, which involves issues that are fundamentally crossscale, transcultural, and transdisciplinary, and calls for innovative approaches to research, to policy and to the building of social institutions (Costanza et al, 1998(Costanza et al, , 1999. The use of the ecological sustainability trigon as a conceptual framework may be valuable as a tool to provide orientation (a kind of compass) and in building predictive management scenarios (''In which direction do we want to go?"…”

Section: What Might Be the Advantages Of The Ecological Sustainabilitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ecological sustainability trigon – A proposed conceptual framework for creating and testing management scenarios

Marques

Basset

Brey

et al. 2009

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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a b s t r a c tThe ability to achieve ecological sustainability and the sustainable development of marine and estuarine ecosystems constitutes a complex major challenge and depends on many driving forces, often conflicting with each other. In particular, there are three major drivers: (a) the search for human well-being, health and safety, (b) the maintenance of ecological sustainability and environmental equilibrium, and (c) the tolerance of an increasing human population pressure and demand for wealth creation.We propose here the use of a conceptual guidance tool -the ecological sustainability trigon (EST) -as a means of building and testing environmental management scenarios. Although it requires further testing, the EST allows us to (a) address those three major drivers using human society view as a common currency, and (b) describe our behaviour, energetics (economy) and dynamics through ecological theory. Moreover, the EST appears promising for gap analysis and the means to address new research questions.

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“…The maintenance of diversity, process, and function in ecosystems will depend on the identification of these critical properties and thresholds (49). Identifying threshold levels of tolerance provides the guidelines (or principles) on which sustainable development and conservation must be founded (79). Ultimately, simple principles are the basis of international agreements, conservation and development strategies, and management plans for all natural resources and biodiversity.…”

Section: Applying Science To Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-modified ecosystems and future evolution

Western

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

199

127

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Our global impact is finally receiving the scientific attention it deserves. The outcome will largely determine the future course of evolution. Human-modified ecosystems are shaped by our activities and their side effects. They share a common set of traits including simplified food webs, landscape homogenization, and high nutrient and energy inputs. Ecosystem simplification is the ecological hallmark of humanity and the reason for our evolutionary success. However, the side effects of our profligacy and poor resource practices are now so pervasive as to threaten our future no less than that of biological diversity itself. This article looks at human impact on ecosystems and the consequences for evolution. It concludes that future evolution will be shaped by our awareness of the global threats, our willingness to take action, and our ability to do so. Our ability is presently hampered by several factors, including the poor state of ecosystem and planetary knowledge, ignorance of human impact, lack of guidelines for sustainability, and a paucity of good policies, practices, and incentives for adopting those guidelines in daily life. Conservation philosophy, science, and practice must be framed against the reality of humandominated ecosystems, rather than the separation of humanity and nature underlying the modern conservation movement. The steps scientists can take to imbed science in conservation and conservation in the societal process affecting the future of ecosystems and human well-being are discussed.

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Principles for Sustainable Governance of the Oceans

Cited by 258 publications

References 8 publications

Forest commons and local enforcement

Forest commons and local enforcement

The ecological sustainability trigon – A proposed conceptual framework for creating and testing management scenarios

Human-modified ecosystems and future evolution

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