Principles for Handling Grazing Animals

Grandin, Temple

doi:10.1002/9780470344859.ch7

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Handling is an important risk in animal farming. Although cows are relatively docile animals, they can be dangerous and aggressive when situations displease or frighten them ( 6 ). Previous situations that involve discomfort have been associated with difficult handling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Providing an Outdoor Exercise Area Affects Tie-Stall Cow Reactivity and Human-Cow Relations

Aigueperse

Vasseur

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Confinement and restriction of movement are a reality for most dairy cows. Providing outdoor access is one method to increase movement opportunities. However, leading cows to an outdoor exercise area increases their exposure to manipulations different from those of an indoor housing system. These situations have the potential to induce fear reactions, which can lead to injuries for the cow and danger or economic losses for the farmer. Our aim was to evaluate the development of the human-cow relationship and general reactivity of cows after a 12-week period of outdoor access provision in winter, summer and fall. A total of 16 cows in the winter, 16 in the summer, and 15 in the fall were enrolled in the study and either allocated to the treatment (Out) or stayed in the tiestall (NonOut). A human reactivity test and suddenness test were performed before and after the 12-week treatment period. In winter and to a lesser extent in fall, Out cows had a better human reaction score compared to NonOut cows, suggesting that cows with outdoor access during the winter associated human approaches with positive events. Conversely, no difference in the human reaction score was found between treatments during the summer. For summer and fall, Out cows did, however, show a decrease in their reaction score to the suddenness test compared to NonOut cows. The results of the human reactivity test in the summer suggested that cows with outdoor access did not associate the manipulation with a positive event. Interestingly, this result is not due to the cows being more frightened, since the suddenness test suggested that the Out cows were less fearful than NonOut cows. The way in which cows were led to the outdoor area could explain the differences in cow responses. Here, summer cows faced greater movement restrictions during trips to the outdoor area than in the winter, which may have been negatively perceived by the cows. We conclude that, besides the provision of outdoor access, the manner in which cows are handled during these events may have significant impacts on their reactions and could facilitate future handling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Providing an Outdoor Exercise Area Affects Tie-Stall Cow Reactivity and Human-Cow Relations

Aigueperse

Vasseur

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Many decades of research which is too numerous to list here provides evidence of the contribution of environmental conditions to the strength of immune function, gut health, expression of agency, social competence and mastery over environmental challenges. Within studies on positive biology, the instructive role of mild negative episodes is recognised as contributing to positive outcomes, as seen for example in low stress stock handling methods (Grandin 2004) -a point Ryff (2022) notes that is often overlooked in human positive psychology, but is now being acknowledged in its so called second wave (Lomas 2016). The importance of positives is captured by the observations that positive health is more than the absence of ill-health (Ayres 2020) and that social wellbeing is more than freedom from social isolation (Pomerantz and Capitanio 2021) as recognized by WHO (1946).…”

Section: What Is Positive Biology?mentioning

confidence: 99%

A biological integrity framework for describing animal welfare and wellbeing

Colditz¹

2022

Preprint

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Ethical treatment of animals is the keystone of livestock production. Assessment of welfare is integral to assurance that animals experience a good life. Underpinning assurance are concepts of what constitutes good welfare, a good life and wellbeing. This review examines the concepts of welfare and wellbeing and the frameworks that have been developed for describing their scope. Historically, the tripartite model of welfare (feeling well, functioning well, leading a natural life) has been translated into the Five Freedoms (FF), Five Domains (FD), Good Life (GL), Welfare through Competence (WtC) and OIE World Organisation for Animal Health Welfare Principles frameworks. These frameworks provide scaffolds for numerous welfare assessment schemes. On the other hand, the three-part model of wellbeing (eudaimonia, hedonia, social interaction) lacks an explicit assessment framework, although FD, GL and WtC implicitly address aspects of wellbeing. Whereas positive affective (hedonic) experiences are considered to constitute positive welfare, positive aspects of eudaimonic function and social interaction are considered to be aspects of wellbeing above and beyond any indirect contribution they make to positive affective experiences (i.e. positive welfare). In this view, positive health is more than the absence of ill-health and positive social interactions are more than freedom from social isolation. New phenotypes in farm animals identified through analysis of sensor data are providing new perspectives on the functional integrity of biological processes that align well with concepts of wellbeing. These analyses draw on methods in resilience theory to examine stability in complex dynamic systems; specifically, uniformity of trajectories, periodicity of biorhythms and complexity of networks. A framework is proposed that loosely partitions FF, FD, GL and WtC into inputs, opportunities, and outcomes. The framework positions the outcome of biological integrity within the context of input constraints that can generate harms and deficiencies, and environmental opportunities that can foster acquisition of competencies and flourishing. It combines the eudaimonic, hedonic and social aspects of wellbeing within the tripartite terminology of welfare. It is hoped that the framework can help orientate new descriptions of biological function in farm animals derived from sensor data within the broader literature on welfare and wellbeing.

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“…In Canada a comfortable temperature for weaned piglets (weighing 4-7 kg) of 24-34 °C has been suggested (CARC, 1993). During transport, however, the temperature inside the vehicle can vary rapidly, especially in winter if it is not equipped with a heating system (Grandin 2008). In their study, Berry and Lewis (2001) assessed the effect of trip duration and temperature on weaned piglets.…”

Section: Temperature During Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stressor factors in the transport of weaned piglets: a review

et al. 2013

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ABSTRACT:The transport of weaned piglets is considered an important stress factor since the conditions involved in shipping affect the animals' health and welfare. The principal stressor factors that piglets experience during transport include: mixing with unfamiliar animals, overcrowding, heat, cold, temperature fluctuations, vibrations, and noise. It is well known that all these factors contribute to raising the level of stress caused by the weaning process; however, the additional effects attributable to transport immediately after weaning impact the physiology, metabolism and behaviour of piglets, predisposing them to delayed growth. For this reason, animal transport must be well-planned and take into account such aspects as preparation of the piglets, choosing the best route and vehicle type, assuring adequate vehicle design and maintenance, and providing sufficient space. Also important for assuring the welfare of the piglets during transport are sufficient rest time, appropriate access to food and water, defined measures for monitoring the animals during the trip, implementing means of disease control, and establishing the steps to be followed in case of an emergency.

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Principles for Handling Grazing Animals

Cited by 12 publications

References 62 publications

Providing an Outdoor Exercise Area Affects Tie-Stall Cow Reactivity and Human-Cow Relations

Providing an Outdoor Exercise Area Affects Tie-Stall Cow Reactivity and Human-Cow Relations

A biological integrity framework for describing animal welfare and wellbeing

Stressor factors in the transport of weaned piglets: a review

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