Principles and Prospects of High-Energy Magnesium-Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have gained significant market share in the field of consumer electronics, grid storage, and hybrid electric vehicles, because of its exceptional energy densities per unit volume (area or weight) compared to other electrochemical energy storage systems. However, they do approach its maximum practical capacities and efforts are underway to explore future battery systems with enhanced energy density than LIBs. There has been growing interest in incorporating multivalent ions such as Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Al 3+ , since they offer greater volumetric energy densities than its monovalent counterparts like LIBs and sodium-ion batteries. It has long been acknowledged that replacing lithium with magnesium (Mg) ions in battery systems has many potential benefits such as low cost, excellent rate capability, high energy density, ease of handling, and eco-friendly. Yet, a few breakthroughs has been made in the advancement of rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) since its first discovery in 2000. The success of RMBs has been hindered by the slow electrode kinetics and also the formation of passive layers on Mg metal surfaces seriously affecting its performance during Mg 2+ ion magnesiation/demagnesiation. This chapter provides comprehensive knowledge on the background of rechargeable Mg batteries, principles, and cell configuration, discussing key advancements made in the last two decades in terms of its electrode materials and electrolytes. Finally, a brief note on future research strategies is outlined. Highlights• Mg-ion batteries may replace Li-ion batteries to meet the demands of both consumer and industrial energy storage.

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“…The electrochemical reactions thus occurring in RMBs are as follows 18 : Anode: Mg ➔ Mg 2+ + 2e − . Cathode: Mg 2+ + 2e − + [Q] ➔ Mg[Q]. …”

Section: Cell Configuration and Working Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving toward high‐energy rechargeable Mg batteries: Status and challenges

Reddygunta

Kumar

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…Positive electrode materials for magnesium and magnesium-ion batteries have been reviewed [76]. Early overviews on magnesium-ion batteries are available [77,78] more recent progress on electrodes and positive electrode materials has been discussed in [79]. Advances towards practical application of magnesium-ion batteries have been discussed in [80].…”

Section: Divalent Cationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-Ion Batteries

Liu

Holze

2022

Encyclopedia

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Metal-ion batteries are systems for electrochemical energy conversion and storage with only one kind of ion shuttling between the negative and the positive electrode during discharge and charge. This concept also known as rocking-chair battery has been made highly popular with the lithium-ion battery as its most popular example. The principle can also be applied with other cations both mono- and multivalent. This might have implications and advantages in terms of increased safety, lower expenses, and utilizing materials, in particular metals, not being subject to resource limitations.

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“…Rechargeable Mg–S batteries also fascinate many researchers due to the high gravimetric/volumetric energy density (1700 Wh kg –1 and 3200 Wh L –1 ). In addition, compared with Li, Mg as the anode shows more safety due to the relatively lower reactivity and nondendritic electroplating during cell charging, more reserve in the crust, and lower cost, which is only 1/24 of Li. − The shuttling effect of polysulfides is also the most challenging issue confronting Mg–S batteries. ,− Besides, Mg–S batteries usually possess sluggish Mg ion conduction and electrochemical reaction kinetics possibly owing to the high charge density of the divalent Mg ion. As yet, the research on rechargeable Mg–S batteries is still in its infant stage, and only limited works on electrolytes have been reported, which are all plagued by poor reversibility attributed to the formation of electrochemically inactive MgS x species.…”

Section: Electrolyte Optimization For Mg–s Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crucial Challenges and Recent Optimization Progress of Metal–Sulfur Battery Electrolytes

Dong

Jiang

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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By virtue of environmental friendliness, low cost, and the high theoretical capacity of sulfur (1675 mAh/g), metal–sulfur batteries (MSBs), as promising next-generation rechargeable cells, have attracted ever-increasing attention from both academic and industrial fields. Despite good progress, however, thus far MSBs have been rarely able to bring their energy storage performance up to the needed levels of reliability due to challenging issues such as the shuttle effect of polysulfides, low utilization efficiency of the S, inferior cycling performance, and safety hazards. To tackle this, the rational optimization of the electrolyte, which tremendously affects the cycling stability, rate capability, lifespan, and safety of the investigated batteries, is considered to be one of the crucial directions to improve the performance of MSBs. Herein we outline the challenges and recent optimization progress on electrolytes in MSBs with Li, Na, Mg, Ca, K, and Al as metal anodes. The topics regarding the fundamentals of electrolyte optimization strategies and the possible solution to further performance improvement are highlighted. Finally, a perspective on further electrolyte development is presented. This discussion aims at gaining good insight into the rational design of electrolytes so as to boost the commercial process of MSB development.

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Principles and Prospects of High-Energy Magnesium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Moving toward high‐energy rechargeable Mg batteries: Status and challenges

Moving toward high‐energy rechargeable Mg batteries: Status and challenges

Metal-Ion Batteries

Crucial Challenges and Recent Optimization Progress of Metal–Sulfur Battery Electrolytes

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