Principles and Methods of Counteracting Harmful Salmon–Arthropod Interactions in Salmon Farming: Addressing Possibilities, Limitations, and Future Options

Guragain, Prashanna; Tkachov, Max; Båtnes, Anna Solvang; Ôlsen, Yngvar; Winge, Per; Bones, Atle M.

doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.701793

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…Ad libitum feeding ensures feed availability in all growth phases, which can be enforced to avoid expected interspecific competitiveness; such management systems can facilitate compatibility among farmed species [65]. Species compatibility mainly relies on two main factors: managing the cultivation environment to ensure constant availability of feed, thereby encouraging species-specific behavior, and limiting detrimental interactions among farmed species at different developmental stages [66]. For example, the farmed species could be compatible during the initial growth stage; however, due to variation in growth rates, detrimental interactions may occur in later stages, leading to predation behavior or trophic-level competition.…”

Section: R E T R a C T E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Advantage of Species Diversification to Facilitate Sustainable Development of Aquaculture Sector

Kim

Shinde

Kadam

et al. 2022

Biology

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Intensified agrochemical-based monoculture systems worldwide are under adoption to meet the challenge of human population growth and the ever-growing global demand for food. However, this path has been opposed and criticized because it involves overexploitation of land, monoculture of few species, excessive input of agrochemicals, and adverse impacts on human health and the environment. The wide diversity among polyculture systems practiced across the globe has created confusion over the priority of a single strategy towards sustainable aquaculture development and safer products. Herein, we highlight the significance of polyculture and integrated aquaculture practices in conveying the successful transition of the aquaculture industry towards sustainable development. So far, the established thought is that the precise selection of aquatic species and a focus on compatible and complementary species combinations are supposed to facilitate rapid progress in food production with more profitability and sustainability. Therefore, the advantages of species diversification are discussed from an ecological perspective to enforce aquaculture expansion. This account asserts that a diverse range of aquaculture practices can promote synergies among farmed species, enhance system resilience, enable conservation, decrease ecological footprints, and provide social benefits such as diversified income and local food security.

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Section: R E T R a C T E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Advantage of Species Diversification to Facilitate Sustainable Development of Aquaculture Sector

Kim

Shinde

Kadam

et al. 2022

Biology

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“…Understanding the effects and relationships that cause fin erosion on each specific fin with biological factors, such as cortisol, or farming factors, such as feeding practices, can significantly increase our capacity to respond to harmful effects on welfare. The ease with which one can assess fin erosion should be appealing, as it can be a complementary observation to mandatory handling processes as well as possibly measured non-invasively with emerging imaging technology used for salmon lice counting ( Cvetkovikj et al, 2015 ; He et al, 2016 ; Guragain et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic stress negatively impacts wound healing, welfare, and stress regulation in internally tagged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

et al. 2023

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The desire to understand fish welfare better has led to the development of live monitoring sensor tags embedded within individuals for long periods. Improving and understanding welfare must not come at the cost of impaired welfare due to a tag’s presence and implantation process. When welfare is compromised, the individual will experience negative emotions such as fear, pain, and distress, impacting the stress response. In this study, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) underwent surgical implantation of a dummy tag. Additionally, half of this group was introduced to daily crowding stress. Both groups and an untagged group were followed for 8 weeks using triplicate tanks per group. Sampling took place once a week, and where stress was given, it was conducted 24 h before sampling. Stress-related measurements were taken to understand if tagging caused chronic stress and explore the chronic stress response and its impact on wound healing. Primary stress response hormones measured included CRH, dopamine, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol. Secondary stress response parameters measured included glucose, lactate, magnesium, calcium, chloride, and osmolality. Tertiary stress response parameters measured included weight, length, and five fins for fin erosion. Wound healing was calculated by taking the incision length and width, the inflammation length and width, and the inside wound length and width. The wound healing process showed that stressed fish have a larger and longer-lasting inflammation period and a slower wound healing process, as seen from the inside wound. The tagging of Atlantic salmon did not cause chronic stress. In contrast, daily stress led to an allostatic overload type two response. ACTH was elevated in the plasma after 4 weeks, and cortisol followed elevation after 6 weeks, highlighting a breakdown of the stress regulation. Fin erosion was elevated alongside cortisol increase in the stressed group. This data suggests that tagging previously unstressed fish in a controlled environment does not negatively affect welfare regarding stress responses. It also indicates that stress delays wound healing and increases the inflammatory response, highlighting how continued stress causes a breakdown in some stress responses. Ultimately, the tagging of Atlantic salmon can be successful under certain conditions where proper healing is observed, tag retention is high, and chronic stress is not present, which could allow for the possible measurement of welfare indicators via smart-tags.

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“…2015; Colorado Parks and Wildlife 2018; Guragain et al. 2021). Gill lice infections can cause significant damage to gill, skin, muscle, and bone tissue (Kabata and Cousens 1977), impacting the host's respiration (Pawaputanon 1980), swimming ability (Herron et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification and environmental DNA detection of gill lice ectoparasites associated with Brook Trout declines

Katz,

Tetzlaff,

Johnson

et al. 2023

Trans Am Fish Soc

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ObjectiveGill lice Salmincola spp. are among the most widely reported parasites of freshwater salmonids and have been associated with recent declines in native Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations. Effective gill lice surveillance is vital for salmonid conservation success, but current survey approaches are often inadequate or problematic. We developed an environmental DNA (eDNA)‐based approach to detect the gill louse Salmincola edwardsii and explored the viability of this approach as a management tool for rapid, large‐scale gill lice surveillance at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, USA.MethodsReference sequences were generated from gill lice specimens collected at Fort McCoy to confirm their identify as S. edwardsii and used to design a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay that targets S. edwardsii mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). Assay validation included in silico and in vitro sensitivity and nontarget specificity testing, and assay performance was validated in situ by sampling eDNA at sites characterized via electrofishing.ResultMolecular analysis of reference sequences confirmed S. edwardsii identity while also providing the first multi‐population assessment of genetic variation for North American Salmincola and the most taxonomically comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Lernaeopodidae to date. Salmincola edwardsii eDNA was detected at 14 of 38 sites, including 12 of 14 sites with known active infestations, with no evidence that the odds of detecting gill lice via electrofishing was greater than the odds of detections from eDNA analysis. Brook Trout presence was highly predictive of gill lice eDNA site occupancy, concordant with S. edwardsii being an obligate parasite of Salvelinus fishes. However, by expanding survey coverage via eDNA analysis, we were able to identify an isolated drainage with Brook Trout where S. edwardsii is apparently absent, confirming electrofishing observations.ConclusionThese results suggest that eDNA analysis is equivalent to electrofishing for detecting gill lice in terms of performance yet offers substantial gains in survey efficiency. Further, this study demonstrates how eDNA analysis can provide valuable intel for directing management efforts, especially when used to expand survey coverage and prioritize follow‐up conventional surveys to assess host–parasite abundance, demographics, and status.

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Principles and Methods of Counteracting Harmful Salmon–Arthropod Interactions in Salmon Farming: Addressing Possibilities, Limitations, and Future Options

Cited by 11 publications

References 170 publications

RETRACTED: Advantage of Species Diversification to Facilitate Sustainable Development of Aquaculture Sector

RETRACTED: Advantage of Species Diversification to Facilitate Sustainable Development of Aquaculture Sector

Chronic stress negatively impacts wound healing, welfare, and stress regulation in internally tagged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Molecular identification and environmental DNA detection of gill lice ectoparasites associated with Brook Trout declines

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