Principle and Strategy of DNA Fingerprint Identification of Plant Variety

Abstract

Plant variety identification has profound meanings to ensure seed quality and food safety. DNA fingerprinting has its advantage in plant variety identification, and has transformed from indirect evidence into a mainstream method. A method for DNA fingerprinting called core loci combination was summarized in this study, which utilized a set of fixed core loci combination to identify different varieties. Since 2003, the project has been constantly improved and expanded. The first was to form combination of expanded loci by increasing the quantity of core loci to cope with increasing demand of variety identification of derived varieties. The second was to further decompose the core loci into group specific loci which played the function of fast and accurate clustering and species-specific loci which had stronger variety identification function. The third was to further propose the core loci combination of polyploidy crops based on the mature experience of diploid crop, which are diploidized single marker method and combination marker method. From the trend of future development, the rapid development of new technologies such as sequencing technology and gene editing technology will largely promote the improvement of DNA fingerprinting and improve the application effect in practice. This article has systematically elaborated the concept and characteristics of variety identification, summarized major types and identification methods of DNA fingerprinting, extracted technical methods for variety DNA fingerprinting and finally out-looked the future trend of DNA fingerprinting development. It is hoped that the study could provide guidances for the development of DNA fingerprinting standard of each crops, and the application of molecular technology in the structure and variety identification of DNA fingerprinting database.

A cost-effective barcode system for maize genetic discrimination based on bi-allelic InDel markers

“…More and more cultivars were produced for the market. Then identification of maize variety and cultivar become more important than ever before with profound meanings to ensure seed quality and food safety [39]. Along with the phenotype identification, such as DUS, molecular marker has been widely used for cultivar identification due to numerous advantages.…”

Variety Discrimination Power: An Appraisal Index for Loci Combination Screening Applied to Plant Variety Discrimination

“…This has resulted in an increased demand for methods that can distinguish plant varieties for application in molecular plant breeding, new plant variety protection, value for cultivation and use tests, seed market management, and rights-defending or anti-counterfeiting activities of breeders ( Varshney et al, 2006 ; Bonow et al, 2009 ; Julier et al, 2018 ). Thanks to the advancement of biology, molecular marker technology is now featured with a short testing period, fast processing of high-throughput samples, and stable results and has become a major mainstream method for plant variety identification ( Wang et al, 2018 ). International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) has raised three models of distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) tests by using molecular marker data.…”

Screening of 200 Core SNPs and the Construction of a Systematic SNP-DNA Standard Fingerprint Database with More Than 20,000 Maize Varieties

“…The development of molecular marker identification technology for crop varieties has gone through three important stages, i.e., first-generation marker technologies, such as those based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in the 1990s; second-generation marker technology involving simple sequence repeats (SSR); and third-generation marker technologies launched in recent years that rely on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and insertion-deletion polymorphisms (InDel) [2][3][4][5]. Among these markers, SSR and SNP are optimal markers for variety identification which are both co-dominantly inherited, test the determine sequence difference and facilitate high-throughput screening [6].…”