“…According to the value of the radix, the signed-digit representation contains the subsets of MSD number [5], [8], [9], [10], [11], trinary [2], [3], [12], [13], quaternary [14], [15], [16] and negabinary signed-digit number [17], and so on. According to the steps of optical computing, the MSD additions are now usually classified in terms of the number of steps involved, i.e., three-step [5], [8], [9], [10], [11], twostep [12], [13], [14], [18], [19], [20] and one-step algorithms [17], [21], [22], [23], [24]. These two-step additions or onestep additions generally use more complex optical structures or focus on some specific data sets.…”