Principal prerequisites and practice of using deep aquifers for burial of liquid radioactive wastes

Spitsyn, V.I.; Pimenov, M. K.; Balukova, V. D.; Leontichuk, A. S.; Kokorin, I. N.; Yudin, E. P.; Rakov, N. A.

doi:10.1007/bf01124706

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…At the same time, economic conditions did not allow the use of expensive foreign technologies for processing, storing, and disposing of NW. The simple and economical strategy of disposing of liquid NW in deep waterbearing sites was the soviet scientist's answer to this dilemma [Spitsin et al ., 1972[Spitsin et al ., , 1978; Kedrovski et al, 19911. T h i s decision made it possible to use the integrated chemical plant in Siberia (Tomsk), the integrated miningchemical works in Krasnoyarsk, and the Research Institute of Nuclear Reactors in Dimitrovgrad.…”

Section: Nuclear Waste As a Cause Of Radioecological Dangermentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological aspects of the nuclear waste disposal problem

Лаверов¹,

Omelianenko²,

Величкин

1994

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DISCLAIMERThis document was pnpard as M account of work sponsored by the U n i d States Govcmmmr While this document is believed to contain coma information. natha the United States G o v a n m a t nor any agency thamf. AbstractFor the successful solution of the high-level waste (HLW) problem in Russia one must take into account such factors as the existence of the great volume of accumulated HLW, the large size and variety of geological conditions in the country, and the difficult economic conditions. The most efficient method of HLW disposal consists in the maximum use of protective capacities of the geological environment and in using inexpensive natural minerals for engineered barrier construction. In this paper, the principal trends of geological investigation directed toward the solution of HLW disposal are considered. One urgent practical aim is the selection of sites in deep wells in regions where the HLW is now held in temporary storage. The a i m of long-term investigations into HLW disposal is to evaluate geological prerequisites for regional HLW repositories.

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Section: Nuclear Waste As a Cause Of Radioecological Dangermentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological aspects of the nuclear waste disposal problem

Лаверов¹,

Omelianenko²,

Величкин

1994

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“…This method was actively popularized by Russian specialists at the IAEA symposia (Zakharov et al, 1967;Spitsyn et al, 1967). The specialists participating in the elaboration and introduction of this method insist on its safety and effi ciency (Spitsyn et al, 1978;Rybal'chenko et al, 1994). Despite the interest of foreign specialists in dis posal of liquid waste in aquifers, they did not acknowl edge it as a safe solution.…”

Section: Technology Of Liquid Lilwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aquifers were considered to be safe if the discharge of radionuclides at the surface and con tamination of open water reservoirs or aquifers with fresh water were ruled out. A lack of mineral resources was an obligatory requirement of the geological medium (Spitsyn et al, 1978). The sites chosen for disposal must be situated in a stable region at a depth no shallower than 200 m in a zone of hindered water exchange.…”

Section: Technology Of Liquid Lilwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confinement matrices for low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste

et al. 2012

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Mining of uranium for nuclear fuel production inevitably leads to the exhaustion of natural ura nium resources and an increase in market price of uranium. As an alternative, it is possible to provide nuclear power plants with reprocessed spent nuclear fuel (SNF), which retains 90% of its energy resource. The main obstacle to this solution is related to the formation in the course of the reprocessing of SNF of a large volume of liquid waste, and the necessity to concentrate, solidify, and dispose of this waste. Radioactive waste is clas sified into three categories: low , intermediate , and high level (LLW, ILW, and HLW); 95, 4.4, and 0.6% of the total waste are LLW, ILW, and HLW, respectively. Despite its small relative volume, the radioactivity of HLW is approximately equal to the combined radioactivity of LLW + ILW (LILW). The main hazard of HLW is related to its extremely high radioactivity, the occurrence of long living radionuclides, heat release, and the necessity to confine HLW for an effectively unlimited time period. The problems of handling LILW are caused by the enormous volume of such waste. The available technology for LILW confinement is considered, and conclusion is drawn that its concentration, vitrification, and disposal in shallow seated repositories is a necessary condition of large scale reprocessing of SNF derived from VVER 1000 reactors. The significantly reduced volume of the vitrified LILW and its very low dissolution rate at low temperatures makes borosilicate glass an ideal confinement matrix for immobilization of LILW. At the same time, the high corrosion rate of the glass matrix at elevated temperatures casts doubt on its efficient use for immobilization of heat releasing HLW. The higher cost of LILW vitrification compared to cementation and bitumen impregnation is compen sated for by reduced expenditure for construction of additional engineering barriers, as well as by substantial decrease in LLW and ILW volume, localization of shallow seated repositories in various geological media, and the use of inexpensive borosilicate glass.

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“…Underground injection of radio¬ active liquid waste in deep-lying aquifers has been studied in detail on the experimental and pilot scale for more than 13 years in the Soviet Union. It is reported that the host rock meets the qualifications of (1) confined, but adequately thick porous, permeable dis¬ posal formation, (2) beyond the limits of tectonically active regions, and (3) saline waters in a region contain¬ ing no useful minerals (Spitsyn, 1967(Spitsyn, , 1972(Spitsyn, , 1978.…”

Section: Non-radioactive Liquid Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monitoring wells are located to detect any excursions (Yudin, 1968). The wastes are treated to make them compatible with the waters in the host rock; neutralization and clarification, at least, are usually required (Spitsyn, 1978). Initial pilot tests in Russia were carried out near the Nuclear Reactor Research Institute (NIIAR).…”

Section: Non-radioactive Liquid Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Disposal of liquid radioactive wastes through wells or shafts

Perkins¹

1982

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This report describes disposal of liquids and, in some cases, suitable solids and/or entrapped gases, through (1) well injection into deep permeable strata, bounded by impermeable layers, (2) grout injection into an impermeable host rock, forming fractures in which the waste solidifies, and (3) slurrying into excavated subsurface cavities. Radioactive materials are presently being disposed of worldwide using all three techniques. However, it would appear that if the techniques were verified as posing minimum hazards to the environment and suitable site-specific host rock were identified, these disposal techniques could be more widely used. • M. E. MacLachlan, "The Anadarko Basin (of parts of Oklahoma, Texas, and Colorado)," US Atomic Energy Commission Trace Elements Inv. report 831, March 1964, 75 pp. /. Clorieta and Ogallala in the Oklahoma Panhandle

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Principal prerequisites and practice of using deep aquifers for burial of liquid radioactive wastes

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Geological aspects of the nuclear waste disposal problem

Geological aspects of the nuclear waste disposal problem

Confinement matrices for low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste

Disposal of liquid radioactive wastes through wells or shafts

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