Principal Morphomic and Functional Components of Secondary Mitral Regurgitation

Artificial intelligence applied to cardiovascular imaging, a critical focus on echocardiography: The point‐of‐view from “the other side of the coin”

“…1-6,11-14,28- the greater diagnostic accuracy may be. [1][2][3][4][5][6][11][12][13][14][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] Madani et al 28 employed DL for view classification of thousands of echocardiographic acquisitions that captured many real world clinical variations. Another successfully trained AI-assisted model for view interpretation and classification has been reported by Zhang et al 29 A recently published multicohort study has demonstrated good accuracy of DL model in interpreting and classifying both two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic acquisitions.…”

“…AI has the potential to reduce the risk of operator error, and is feasible to apply to a wide range of features, including valvular disease (e.g., support vector machine for mitral regurgitation), cardiac ischemia (strain rate for myocardial infarction), cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic function (athlete's heart, HFpEF phenotype, hypertensive cardiopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac amyloidosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and constrictive pericarditis), and functional imaging tests (such as stress echocardiography). [1][2][3][4][5][6][11][12][13][14][42][43][44][45][46] In addition, telemedicine (TM) is emerging as a new echocardiographic application.…”

“…On the other hand, echocardiography complex multi‐view format and the need of human skills for image acquisition and interpretation have limited the application of AI in this field (Table 2). That is mostly evident in daily clinical practice, as happened for new multi‐dimensional imaging technologies, such as 3‐dimensional echocardiography and speckle‐tracking 1–6,11–14,28–45 …”

“…Among the video clips, still images, and Doppler recordings, AI determination and classification of a range of views are the first step, capturing the real‐world clinical variations. The more videos and images are available, the greater diagnostic accuracy may be 1–6,11–14,28–45 …”

Mitral regurgitation tips the scales in acute or worsening heart failure

“…Carefully crafted medical treatment plans tailored to individual patients should follow guideline recommendations and close follow‐up to adequately adjust and monitor the impact on MR. Common wisdom is to defer decisions towards catheter‐based interventions to reduce MR. In some instances, however, such as excessively deranged anatomic substrates of MR 10 that indicate only limited potential for improvement and very severe MR, an early treatment strategy before an extensive structural damage limits edge‐to‐edge based correction 11 seems tempting. Often, chronic kidney disease and haemodynamic aspects seem to delay and limit medical treatment.…”