Principal components analysis of the impact of event scale with children in war

Smith, Patrick; Perrin, Sean; Dyregrov, Atle; Yule, William

doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00047-8

Cited by 244 publications

(279 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…PTSD symptoms were measured by the 13-item Children’s Revised Impact of Events Scale (CRIES; Smith, Perrin, Dyregrov, & Yule, 2003). On this self-report questionnaire, based on DSM-IV criteria, children evaluated on a 4-point scale how often they had experienced a particular symptom over the last two weeks (0 = not at all , 1 = rarely , 3 = sometimes , 5 = often ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peritraumatic dissociation predicts posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms via dysfunctional trauma-related memory among war-affected children

Peltonen

Kangaslampi

Saranpää³

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Among adults there is strong evidence about peritraumatic dissociation (PD) predicting posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet evidence among children is very limited. It has been suggested that disturbances in memory functioning might explain the association between PD and PTSD, but this has not yet been empirically tested. Objective: We aimed to test the hypotheses that greater PD would be associated with more posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and that some of this association would be mediated by disorganized and non-verbal memories about the traumatic event. Method: The sample included 197 Palestinian children (10–12-years) living in the Gaza Strip, participating in the aftermath of the 2008/9 war. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure PD (Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire) three months post-war, as well as trauma-related memory (Trauma Memory Quality Questionnaire) and PTSD symptoms (Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale) six months later. Exposure to war trauma was assessed by a checklist. Structural equation modelling was used to examine direct and indirect paths from PD to posttraumatic PTSS, controlling for number of traumatic war events. Results: Structural equation modelling results showed that greater self-reported PD predicted higher levels of PTSS nine months post-war, and that a significant part, but not all, of this relationship was mediated via the quality of trauma-related memories. Conclusions: This study provided empirical evidence that, among war-affected children, greater PD during traumatic events is linked with higher levels of PTSD symptoms several months later, even when accounting for their personal exposure to war trauma. Further, the study supported the idea that the detrimental effects of dissociation during a traumatic event may be due to dysfunctional memories characterized by disorganization and lack of access to verbal and coherence. Further tests of these hypotheses with larger samples and more points of measurement are called for.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peritraumatic dissociation predicts posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms via dysfunctional trauma-related memory among war-affected children

Peltonen

Kangaslampi

Saranpää³

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Initial factor analyses of PTSD symptoms were exploratory in nature; direct testing of hypotheses regarding the nature of these symptoms is not possible with such analyses. To date, exploratory factor analyses of DSM-III-R/DSM-IV PTSD symptoms have been conducted with numerous populations, including survivors of fires, motor vehicle accidents and assaults, United Nations peacekeepers, refugees, and military veterans (Fawzi et al, 1997;Foa, Riggs, & Gershuny, 1995;Keane, 1993;Maes et al, 1998aMaes et al, , 1998bSack, Seeley, & Clarke, 1997;Shelby, Golden-Kreutz, & Andersen, 2005;Smith, Redd, DuHamel, Vickberg, & Ricketts, 1999;Smith, Perrin, Dyregrov, & Yule, 2003;Stewart et al, 1999;Taylor, Kuch, Koch, Crockett, & Passey, 1998). Two-, three-, four-, and five-factor solutions have been reported, with no solution clearly paralleling the symptom clusters suggested by the most recent versions of the DSM.…”

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confidence: 99%

The structure of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in three female trauma samples: A comparison of interview and self-report measures

Scher

McCreary

Asmundson

et al. 2008

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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Empirical research increasingly suggests that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is comprised of four factors: re-experiencing, avoidance, numbing, and hyperarousal. Nonetheless, there remains some inconsistency in the findings of factor analyses that form the bulk of this empirical literature.One source of such inconsistency may be assessment measure idiosyncrasies. To examine this issue, we conducted confirmatory factor analyses of interview and self-report data across three trauma samples. Analyses of the interview data indicated a good fit for a four-factor model across all samples; analyses of the self-report data indicated an adequate fit in two of three samples. Overall, findings suggest that measure idiosyncrasies may account for some of the inconsistency in previous factor analyses of PTSD symptoms. KeywordsFactor structure; Measurement; Post-traumatic stress disorder; Psychological assessment; Test validity; Trauma Both the revised third edition and the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R, DSM-IV; American Psychiatric and Association, 1987, 1994) classify post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as an anxiety disorder that develops in response to a perceived traumatic event. The diagnosis of PTSD is further characterized by three distinct symptom clusters: (1) re-experiencing of the traumatic event through such phenomena as dreams, flashbacks, and intrusive, distressing thoughts; (2) avoidance and © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 714 278 8428; fax: +1 714 278 7134. cscher@fullerton.edu (C.D. Scher).. Publisher's Disclaimer: This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. (Foa, Zinbarg, & Rothbaum, 1992), and may bear different functional relationships with interpersonal functioning, with physical health, and with symptoms often found co-morbid with post-traumatic stress symptoms (Kimerling, Clum, & Wolfe, 2000;Ruscio, Weathers, King, & King, 2002;Stewart, Conrod, Pihl, & Dongier, 1999;Stewart, Pihl, Conrod, & Dongier, 1998). Thus, a clear understanding of the nature of PTSD symptom clusters has the potential to inform both knowledge of how various PTSD symptoms develop and how these symptoms relate to co-occurring difficulties.Nonetheless, since the advent of DSM-III-R, the adequacy of these clusters for describing PTSD has been questioned. Much of this questioning derives from the findings of factor analyses that have consistently reported between two and four factors, and which have not supported the three-factor, hierarchical structure of PTSD symptoms outlined in the DS...

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“…46 Daughter breast cancer-specific distress was evaluated with the 8-item Child Impact of Events Scale, a developmentally appropriate version of the Revised Impact of Event Scale. [47][48][49][50] Both have been used to evaluate intrusion and avoidance, as indices of cancerspecific "distress." [51][52][53] Daughter performance of health and risk behaviors were assessed with items from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 53 which has been used to track health and risk behaviors of >10 000 youths.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maternal breast cancer-specific distress was measured using 8 items of the Revised Impact of Event Scale, to parallel the Child Impact of Events Scale (Cronbach's α = 0.88). [47][48][49][50][51][52][53] …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Adjustment in School-age Girls With a Family History of Breast Cancer

2015

PEDIATRICS

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OBJECTIVE-Understanding how young girls respond to growing up with breast cancer family histories is critical given expansion of genetic testing and breast cancer messaging. We examined the impact of breast cancer family history on psychosocial adjustment and health behaviors among >800 girls in the multicenter LEGACY Girls Study.METHODS-Girls aged 6 to 13 years with a family history of breast cancer or familial BRCA1/2 mutation (BCFH+), peers without a family history (BCFH−), and their biological mothers completed assessments of psychosocial adjustment (maternal report for 6-to 13-year-olds, selfreport for 10-to 13-year-olds), breast cancer-specific distress, perceived risk of breast cancer, and health behaviors (10-to 13-year-olds).RESULTS-BCFH+ girls had better general psychosocial adjustment than BCFH− peers by maternal report. Psychosocial adjustment and health behaviors did not differ significantly by selfreport among 10-to 13-year-old girls. BCFH+ girls reported higher breast cancer-specific distress (P = .001) and were more likely to report themselves at increased breast cancer risk than BCFH− peers (38.4% vs 13.7%, P < .001), although many girls were unsure of their risk. In multivariable analyses, higher daughter anxiety was associated with higher maternal anxiety and poorer family communication. Higher daughter breast cancer-specific distress was associated with higher maternal breast cancer-specific distress.CONCLUSIONS-Although growing up in a family at risk for breast cancer does not negatively affect general psychosocial adjustment among preadolescent girls, those from breast cancer risk families experience greater breast cancer-specific distress. Interventions to address daughter and mother breast cancer concerns and responses to genetic or familial risk might improve psychosocial outcomes of teen daughters.Although studies have reported psychosocial adjustment in children of parents with cancer, few studies have evaluated outcomes in youth from families at familial or genetic risk for breast cancer. Understanding the impact of growing up in a family at risk for breast cancer is The LEGACY Girls Study is the first to focus on preadolescent girls growing up in families with breast cancer risk, including girls whose mothers have not had breast cancer. 39 This study addresses limitations of previous studies by being theoretically informed and including sociodemographically diverse girls, an unrelated comparison group, and both parent and child report. We applied a novel conceptual model 40 grounded in the Self-Regulation Theory of Health Behavior 41 and developmental theory. 34,37 Our model posits that response to a health threat, including psychosocial adjustment and the performance of health and risk behaviors, is a product of one's perceptions of the threat. [40][41][42] This model is ideal for the study of youths' maturation because it emphasizes "commonsense" representations, encompasses sociocultural factors, and is iterative and dynamic, providing a unique opportunity to examine chang...

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Principal components analysis of the impact of event scale with children in war

Cited by 244 publications

References 17 publications

Peritraumatic dissociation predicts posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms via dysfunctional trauma-related memory among war-affected children

Peritraumatic dissociation predicts posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms via dysfunctional trauma-related memory among war-affected children

The structure of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in three female trauma samples: A comparison of interview and self-report measures

Psychosocial Adjustment in School-age Girls With a Family History of Breast Cancer

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