Principal component and hierarchical clustering analysis of metabolites in destructive weeds; polygonaceous plants

Abstract

Comprehensive analysis of metabolites using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry was carried out in harmful weeds belonging to Polygonaceae. A principal component analysis revealed clear distinctions among eight Rumex species and Fallopia japonica. Hierarchical clustering data showed that respective metabolites can be grouped due to species differences. There was a positive relationship between oxalate and citrate, oxalate and ascorbate, and oxalate and glutamine. The amount of oxalate per leaf fresh weight was not affected by increased concentrations of exogenously supplied nutrients from Hoagland's formulation in one of the most destructive weeds R. obtusifolius. The oxalate accumulation in this plant is independent of external nutrient level, where nutrient-rich environments apparently stimulate internal constituents such as amino acids and other metabolites.

High specificity in plant leaf metabolic responses to arbuscular mycorrhiza

“…Those metabolic features present exclusively in one or a subset of the plant species contributed to specific responses, highlighting the need to take metabolic backgrounds of plant species into account in comparative environmental phytometabolome studies. Indeed, plant species have distinct metabolic phenotypes due to qualitative and quantitative differences in metabolites 7,[11][12][13] emerging from different evolutionary selection pressures and ecological niches occupied by the respective species. The high responsiveness of the Fabaceae M. truncatula may be attributed to its extraordinary high affinity to root symbionts, including AMF but also nodule-forming rhizobia 25 (not detected under our experimental conditions), somehow priming the plants to strongly respond to these endosymbionts.…”

“…4,9,10 ) and the transferability of findings from these models to other plant systems is debatable. Since plant species 7,[11][12][13] and even conspecifics 14 differ in their metabolomes, metabolic prerequisites of species have to be taken into account to delineate common from species-specific changes in response to an identical challenge.…”

Deletion of the Transcriptional Regulator cyAbrB2 Deregulates Primary Carbon Metabolism in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

“…The metabolome analysis was performed using a CE/MS system (Agilent Technologies) with the method described by Takahashi et al (2008) and Miyagi et al (2010) with minor modification. Briefly, 50 mL of culture at an OD 730 of 0.5 was harvested, and the metabolites were extracted with ice-cold 50% (v/v) methanol containing internal standards (50 mM PIPES and 50 mM MES).…”

Characterization of Glucosylceramides in thePolygonaceae,Rumex obtusifoliusL. Injurious Weed

“…Fax: +81-78-435-2539; E-mail: imai@konan-u.ac.jp Abbreviations: d18:1 (8Z), 8-Z-sphingenine; d18:1 (8E), 8-E-sphingenine; d18:2 (4E,8Z), 4-E,8-Z-sphingadienine; d18:2 (4E,8E), 4-E,8-E-sphingadienine; t18:1 (8Z), 4-hydroxy-8-Z-sphingenine; t18:1 (8E), 4-hydroxy-8-E-sphingenine; 22h:1, 2-hydroxydocosenoic acid; 24h:1, 2-hydroxytetracosenoic acid; LCB, long-chain base were harvested from 1-month-old plants after germination. 4) The seeds of Fagopyrum esculentum (Buckwheat) were germinated in a HYPONeX soil mixture (Hyponex Japan, Osaka, Japan) and grown at 25 C for 5 weeks under a light/dark cycle of 16/8 h. Another eight plants were obtained from local markets. About 1 g of medium-sized and not yet fully expanded leaves were harvested and used for lipid extraction.…”

“…4) In contrast, the lipid profiles of R. obtusifolius remain largely unexplored, and the sphingolipids in Polygonaceae, including R. obtusifolius, have yet to be characterized. The objective of this present study is to obtain basic analytical data for the major sphingolipid class of glucosylceramides from R. obtusifolius and other polygonaceous plants.…”