Principais ameaças sanitárias endêmicas da cadeia produtiva de suínos no Brasil

Abstract

Resumo -O Brasil se destaca por ser o quarto maior produtor e exportador de carne suína. A ocorrência de determinadas doenças na produção animal é um dos fatores mais importantes para a suinocultura. Os patógenos de suínos podem ser divididos em três grupos: agentes de doenças transmitidas por alimentos de origem animal; agentes de doenças de importância estratégica para o sistema de defesa sanitária; e agentes de doenças responsáveis por prejuízos na produção animal. Algumas enfermidades, como a peste suína clássica e a febre aftosa, impactam duramente o mercado exportador; doenças endêmicas ou enzoóticas deterioram os índices produtivos e aumentam o custo de produção, com perda da competitividade; e doenças transmitidas por alimentos, embora não afetem os índices produtivos, podem causar danos à saúde humana e prejudicar as relações comerciais. O Brasil, por ser um expoente na produção e na exportação de suínos e derivados, deve estar atento a alguns aspectos relacionados à infraestrutura laboratorial, às medidas de biossegurança e aos cuidados necessários para impedir que determinadas doenças, ainda exóticas, infectem o rebanho brasileiro. Este artigo de revisão aborda as principais doenças endêmicas ou enzoóticas que causam prejuízo à produção de carne suína no Brasil.Termos para indexação: defesa sanitária animal, doenças enzoóticas, sanidade animal, suinocultura, zoonose. Main endemic health threats in the swine production chain in BrazilAbstract -Brazil stands out as the fourth largest producer and exporter of pork. The occurrence of certain diseases in animal production is one of the most important factors for swine production. Swine pathogens can be divided into three groups: agents of foodborne illnesses of animal origin; agents of strategically important diseases for the health protection system; and agents of diseases responsible for losses in animal production. Some diseases, such as classical swine fever and foot-and-mouth disease, impact heavily the export market; endemic or enzootic diseases deteriorate production rates and increase production costs, reducing competitiveness; and foodborne illnesses, despite not affecting production indexes, can cause damages to human health and harm commercial relations. Brazil, being an exponent in the production and export of pork and derivatives, must be aware of some aspects related to laboratory infrastructure, biosecurity measures, and care necessary to prevent certain, still exotic, diseases from infecting the Brazilian herd. This review addresses the main endemic or enzootic diseases that cause losses in pork production in Brazil.

Health profile of free‐range wild boar ( Sus scrofa ) subpopulations hunted in Santa Catarina State, Brazil

“…The main agents involved in PRDC are Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and swine influenza virus (Fonseca Júnior et al., 2015;Risco et al, 2015). These diseases are enzootic and are widespread in most Brazilian farms, causing high economic losses (Ciacci-Zanella, Morés, & Barcellos, 2016).…”

Primary skin diseases and cutaneous manifestations of systemic diseases in swine

“…It is considered that the Brazilian pig herd has a good sanitary condition, proven by high productivity, with rates similar to those of other countries where pig farming is also developed. Even so, the rapid and efficient diagnosis of the most varied pathologies must be prioritized (Ciacci-Zanella et al 2016). Skin diseases in pigs can negatively impact production, because they generate treatment costs, decrease the growth rate and, sometimes, can cause the death of the animal (Turton 2001, Bender et al 2011.…”

Glässer’s disease in swine from Northeastern Brazil

“…GD occurs in swine populations worldwide irrespective of health status and outbreaks are economically significant because certain H. parasuis serovars cause high mortality rates, resulting in substantial production losses and increased costs, mainly due to the use of antibiotics (Møller et al 1993, Nedbalcova et al 2006. In the United States, GD is considered one of the main infectious problems in the nursery, also affecting growing pigs and sows (Holtkamp et al 2007) and in Brazil, H. parasuis has been commonly isolated in swine farms at Central-Western, Southeastern and South regions of the country (Espíndola et al 2019) being frequent, in the large, better and herds with good health status (Zanella et al 2016).…”