Primordial Germ Cells: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

Nikolić, Aleksandar; Volarević, Vladislav; Armstrong, Lyle; Lako, Majlinda; Stojković, Miodrag

doi:10.1155/2016/1741072

Cited by 78 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…STELLA, together with OCT-3/4, appears to identify cells which may have more expansive developmental roles in formation of the allantois, hindgut, vasculature, and tailbud than previously suspected. We recognize that these findings challenge a long-held belief in the specification and journey of unipotent mammalian PGCs from allantois to endoderm to gonads, and note that recent authors in the field (e.g., Nikolic et al, 2016) have appeared unwilling to acknowledge prior literature that questions these beliefs (e.g., Mikedis and Downs, 2014). Nevertheless, as we continue to explore the events that build the posterior embryo and the fetal-umbilical junction, we maintain an open mind to the possibility that mouse PGC specification, if it truly occurs in the posterior region, occurs there at a later developmental timepoint, and not within the allantois.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

STELLA collaborates in distinct mesendodermal cell subpopulations at the fetal-placental interface in the mouse gastrula

Wolfe

Rodriguez

Downs

2017

Developmental Biology

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The allantois-derived umbilical component of the chorio-allantoic placenta shuttles fetal blood to and from the chorion, thereby ensuring fetal-maternal exchange. The progenitor populations that establish and supply the fetal-umbilical interface lie, in part, within the base of the allantois, where the germ line is claimed to segregate from the soma. Results of recent studies in the mouse have reported that STELLA (DPPA-3, PGC7) co-localizes with PRDM1 (BLIMP1), the bimolecular signature of putative primordial germ cells (PGCs) throughout the fetal-placental interface. Thus, if PGCs form extragonadally within the posterior region of the mammal, they cannot be distinguished from the soma on the basis of these proteins. We used immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and confocal microscopy of the mouse gastrula to co-localize STELLA with a variety of gene products, including pluripotency factor OCT-3/4, mesendoderm-associated T and MIXl1, mesendoderm- and endoderm-associated FOXa2 and hematopoietic factor Runx1. While a subpopulation of cells localizing OCT-3/4 was always found independently of STELLA, STELLA always co-localized with OCT-3/4. Despite previous reports that T is involved in specification of the germ line, co-localization of STELLA and T was detected only in a small subset of cells in the base of the allantois. Slightly later in the hindgut lip, STELLA+/(OCT-3/4+) co-localized with FOXa2, as well as with RUNX1, indicative of definitive endoderm and hemangioblasts, respectively. STELLA was never found with MIXl1. On the basis of these and previous results, we conclude that STELLA identifies at least five distinct cell subpopulations within the allantois and hindgut, where they may be involved in mesendodermal differentiation and hematopoiesis at the posterior embryonic-extraembryonic interface. These data provide a new point of departure for understanding STELLA’s potential roles in building the fetal-placental connection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

STELLA collaborates in distinct mesendodermal cell subpopulations at the fetal-placental interface in the mouse gastrula

Wolfe

Rodriguez

Downs

2017

Developmental Biology

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“…At E13.5, in the gonads, they initiate the sex differentiation either towards a spermatogenic (male) or to an oogenic (female) lineage development [1,2].…”

Section: Germline Stem Cells and Hypothalamus-pituitary-testis Axis (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pyroGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH 2 GnRH is produced from a 92-amino acid preprohormone in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus by GnRH neurons that originate in the nose and migrate into the brain, where they are scattered throughout the medial septum and hypothalamus and connected by dendrite long over 1 mm. They are regulated by several different afferent neurons and by different neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, GABA and glutamate.…”

Section: Germline Stem Cells and Hypothalamus-pituitary-testis Axis (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Dynamics of Spermatozoa during Capacitation: New Insight in Germ Cells Signalling

Bernabò¹,

Ramal-Sanchez²,

Valbonetti³

et al. 2018

Germ Cell

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The study of germline stem cells and of germline cells has deep implications for the understanding of fertility, development and cancer. Nowadays, we are experiencing the very fascinating challenge of application of -OMICS technologies to this issue, which is opening new and unexpected horizons in virtually all the branches of biology. Here, we carried out a review of signalling systems involved in maturation of male germ cells and in the process that leads them to become fully fertile. In particular, we discuss the control mechanisms involved in capacitation and acrosome reaction that act at membrane level. Indeed, spermatozoa membranes play key roles in determining the achievement of fertility: they are the interface with the surrounding environment, they locate the signal transduction systems and they are active in recognizing and binding the oocyte. In addition, we discuss the effect of several compounds that could exert a negative effect on reproductive activity, by interfering with the endocrine axis, the so-called endocrine disruptors.

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“…In human embryos, they are already found in the primary ectoderm (epiblast) during the second week of development. 49 In 2011, Hayashi and his colleagues successfully transformed mouse ESC into cells similar to primordial germ cells. Moreover, they have shown the feasibility of differentiating ESC or IPSC into epiblast-like cells which gave rise to primordial germ cell-like cells when cultured in the presence of Bone morphogenic protein-4 (BMP4).…”

Section: Stem Cells In Male Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regenerative Medicine: A New Dawn for Male Reproductive Issues

Prasad¹

2017

ATROA

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The 'Regenerative medicine' holds the promise of engineering damaged tissues and organs by stimulating the body's own repair mechanisms to functionally heal previously irreparable tissues or organs. It includes the possibility of growing tissues and organs in the laboratory and implanting them when the body cannot heal itself. It has the potential to eliminate the issues of organ transplant rejection, and the issues of the shortage of organs available for donation by regenerating organs' cells from the patient's own tissue or cells. Contemplating on these peculiar qualities of Regenerative Medicine, it seems to have probably revolutionized the mode of treatment or therapy in almost every branch of medicines viz., cardiac, neurological, opthalmic, reproductive disorders etc. Therefore, based on reports from the relevant sources, the present article concisely compiles and retrospects the prospective implications/ applications of stem cells in treating male reproductive issues.

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Primordial Germ Cells: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

Cited by 78 publications

References 73 publications

STELLA collaborates in distinct mesendodermal cell subpopulations at the fetal-placental interface in the mouse gastrula

STELLA collaborates in distinct mesendodermal cell subpopulations at the fetal-placental interface in the mouse gastrula

Membrane Dynamics of Spermatozoa during Capacitation: New Insight in Germ Cells Signalling

Regenerative Medicine: A New Dawn for Male Reproductive Issues

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