Primordial Germ Cell Migration

Dzementsei, Aliaksandr; Pieler, Tomas

doi:10.1002/9781118492833.ch10

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…9,10 Although a number of factors were shown to contribute to active migration of PGCs in X. laevis, the molecular mechanism of this process remains largely unexplored. 11 In previous studies, we were able to demonstrate that migratory PGCs do not require specific adhesion to a substrate for their migration in vitro. 12 Single cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) analysis of PCGs isolated from the tailbud (st. [28][29][30] and neurula (st. [17][18][19] stage embryos revealed reduced adhesion of migratory PGCs to the surrounding somatic endodermal cells and fibronectin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Reduction in E-cadherin expression fosters migration of Xenopus laevis primordial germ cells

Baronsky¹,

Dzementsei²,

Oelkers³

et al. 2016

Integr. Biol.

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The transition from passive to active migration of primordial germ cells in Xenopus embryos correlates with a reduction in overall adhesion to surrounding endodermal cells as well as with reduced E-cadherin expression. Single cell force spectroscopy, in which cells are brought into brief contact with a gold surface functionalized with E-cadherin constructs, allows for a quantitative estimate of functional E-cadherin molecules on the cell surface. The adhesion force between migratory PGCs and the cadherin-coated surface was almost identical to cells where E-cadherin was knocked down by morpholino oligonucleotides (180 pN). In contrast, non-migratory PGCs display significantly higher adhesion forces (270 pN) on E-cadherin functionalised surfaces. On the basis of these observations, we propose that migration of PGCs in Xenopus embryos is regulated via modulation of E-cadherin expression levels, allowing these cells to move more freely if the level of E-cadherin is reduced.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Reduction in E-cadherin expression fosters migration of Xenopus laevis primordial germ cells

Baronsky¹,

Dzementsei²,

Oelkers³

et al. 2016

Integr. Biol.

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“…In Xenopus, a defined group of mRNAs localizes to the vegetal cortex during oogenesis; such RNAs have been demonstrated to serve important functions in germ layer formation and axial development, as well as in germ cell specification and migration (reviewed in King et al, 2005;Bauermeister et al, 2014;Dzementsei and Pieler, 2014). At least two different sorting pathways are involved in RNA localization to the vegetal pole.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel role for Celf1 in vegetal RNA localization during Xenopus oogenesis

Bauermeister

Claußen

Pieler

2015

Developmental Biology

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The localization of certain mRNAs to the vegetal cortex of Xenopus oocytes is of crucial importance for germ cell development and early embryonic patterning. Vegetal RNA localization is mediated by cis-acting RNA localization elements (LE). Several proteins assemble on the RNA LE and direct transport to the vegetal cortex. Although a number of localization RNP components have been identified, their full composition is unknown. In an RNA affinity purification approach, using the dead end 1 (dnd1) RNA LE, we identified Xenopus Celf1 as a novel component of vegetal localization RNP complexes. Celf1 is part of an RNP complex together with known vegetal localization factors and shows specific interactions with LEs from several but not all vegetally localizing RNAs. Immunostaining experiments reveal co-localization of Celf1 with vegetally localizing RNA and with known localization factors. Inhibition of Celf1 protein binding by localization element mutagenesis as well as Celf1 overexpression interfere with vegetal RNA localization. These results argue for a role of Celf1 in vegetal RNA localization during Xenopus oogenesis.

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“…Throughout Metazoa, PGCs exhibit conserved features. These include internalization and migration to the future site of the gonad (Campanale et al, 2014; Dumstrei et al, 2004; Dzementsei and Pieler, 2014; Kunwar et al, 2006; Raz, 2004; Richardson and Lehmann, 2010; Sonnenblick, 1941). Additionally, PGCs typically exhibit cell cycle arrest for a period of time, until they are induced to proliferate in the gonad and differentiate into germ stem cells, which will ultimately propagate the gametes (Huettner, 1923; Pehrson and Cohen, 1986; Sekl et al, 2007; Sonnenblick, 1941; Su et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Embryonic Origin of Primordial Germ Cells in the TardigradeHypsibius exemplaris

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Smith

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Primordial germ cells (PGCs) give rise to gametes – cells necessary for the propagation and fertility of diverse organisms. Current understanding of PGC development is limited to the small number of organisms whose PGCs have been identified and studied. Expanding the field to include little-studied taxa and emerging model organisms is important to understand the full breadth of the evolution of PGC development. In the phylum Tardigrada, no early cell lineages have been identified to date using molecular markers. This includes the PGC lineage. Here, we describe PGC development in the model tardigradeHypsibius exemplaris. The four earliest- internalizing cells (EICs) exhibit PGC-like behavior and nuclear morphology. The location of the EICs is enriched for mRNAs of conserved PGC markerswiwi1(water bearpiwi1) andvasa. At early stages, bothwiwi1andvasamRNAs are detectable uniformly in embryos, which suggests that these mRNAs do not serve as localized determinants for PGC specification. Only later arewiwi1andvasaenriched in the EICs. Finally, we traced the cells that give rise to the four PGCs. Our results reveal the embryonic origin of the PGCs ofH. exemplarisand provide the first molecular characterization of an early cell lineage in the tardigrade phylum. We anticipate that these observations will serve as a basis for characterizing the mechanisms of PGC development in this animal.

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Primordial Germ Cell Migration

Cited by 5 publications

References 64 publications

Reduction in E-cadherin expression fosters migration of Xenopus laevis primordial germ cells

Reduction in E-cadherin expression fosters migration of Xenopus laevis primordial germ cells

A novel role for Celf1 in vegetal RNA localization during Xenopus oogenesis

The Embryonic Origin of Primordial Germ Cells in the TardigradeHypsibius exemplaris

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